科技人才评价政策是科技人才政策的重要组成部分。我国科技人才评价政策的具体举措与微观个体非理性行为的关联成为学界关注的重点，以行为公共政策视角开展科技人才评价政策研究具有重要现实意义。基于此，本文通过搜集2007—2021年中央层面的科技人才评价政策，从情绪认知、行为引导构建行为公共政策分析框架，重点从工具、叙事与反馈三个层面分析科研减负、评价引导、人才管理三个维度的政策目标。研究发现：我国科技人才评价政策正巧妙地运用鞭子型与助推型协同的政策工具、认同强化与社会规范组合的叙事效应、政府主导的单向政策反馈来塑造科技人才的情绪认知与行为引导。但是，科技人才评价政策的政策偏好与科技人才的行为偏好存在偏差，政策工具的缺陷、叙事效应的断层与个体感知的偏差促使了“非理性行为”的发生。我国科技人才评价政策体系亟待完善科研减负的选项体系、人才评审的评定标准与微观个体的情绪疏导。
Abstract
The S&T talent evaluation policy is an important part of the science and technology talent policy. Focusing on the evaluation of S&T talents, governments have successively issued a series of policy documents, which have pointed out the direction and laid the foundation for improving the evaluation system of S&T talents in the new era. However, there are still some significant problems in the science and technology evaluation system. Based on literature review, emotional cognition and behavior guidance of S&T talents are the key variables. From the perspective of the behavioral public policy analysis framework, this paper tries to carry out the shortcomings of the scientific and technological talent evaluation policy, from the policy objectives of scientific research burden reduction, evaluation guidance and talent management. Furthermore, a research framework for explaining the irrational behavior of scientific and technological talents is constructed.
In terms of emotions, this paper analyzes the transaction burden, talent evaluation, academic environment, and sorts out the internal factors that emotions induce irrational behaviors of scientific and technological talents. In terms of behavior, this paper collects the central level scientific and technological talent evaluation policies from 2007 to 2021, 391 policy samples, and used content analysis and word frequency statistics for research. Based on the framework of tools, narrative, and feedback, we focus on the analysis of scientific research burden reduction, evaluation guidance, and talent management.
It is found that: (1) The emotional cognition of scientific and technological talents stems from the burden of formalism, the preference of talent evaluation, and the environment of either promotion or departure. The transactional burden of non-technology issues accounted for most of the scientific research time and energy of scientific and technological talents. Under the pressure of talent evaluation and the pressing environment, the negative emotions of scientific and technological talents gradually accumulated and broke out to varying degrees. (2) The S&T talent evaluation policy toolbox is dominated by whip-type tools, supplemented by boosting tools to give full play to the behavioral guidance of scientific and technological talents. (3) The narrative framework of the evaluation policy for S&T talents has shown stages changes, in which the role of S&T talents has undergone the transformation of "heroes", "bad guys" and "micro-bad guys and macro-victims". (4) The S&T talent evaluation policy realizes the behavior guidance and attitude shaping of micro-individuals through carrot-type tools and evangelism-type tools. (5) The deficiencies of policy tools, the fault of narrative effect and the deviation of individual perception constitute the policy source of negative emotion cognition and irrational behavior of scientific and technological talents.
The theoretical significance of this paper is to use the framework of behavioral public policy analysis to explore scientific and technological policy research ideas in the Chinese context, enriching the research perspective on the optimization of scientific and technological innovation systems and mechanisms. Its marginal contributions are as follows: (1) It systematically integrates the academic research framework on behavioral public policy, and analyzes the evaluation policy of scientific and technological talents based on this. (2) It analyzes the impact of scientific and technological innovation policies on micro-individuals from the perspective of the evaluation policy of scientific and technological talents. (3) The S&T talents, a group of "high-tech, high-quality, and high-pressure", are analyzed from the perspective of behavioral science, which is different from the basic assumptions of the public in traditional behavioral public policies.
关键词
科技人才评价 /
行为公共政策 /
情绪认知 /
行为引导
Key words
S&T talent evaluation /
behavioral public policy /
emotional cognition /
behavioral guidance
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基金
教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目：“新时代我国科技评价制度改革研究”（19JZD025，2019.12—2022.12）和广州市哲学社会科学一般课题：“广州加快‘1+4+4+N’战略科技平台建设研究”（2021GZYB02，2021.05—2023.04）。
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