供应商为制造商带来更多的研发创新还是非研发创新？——社会资本视角

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 已有研究侧重于探索供应商如何为制造企业提升研发创新，但忽视了非研发创新的内在价值。事实上，非研发创新同样是提升企业创新绩效的重要途径，鲜有研究探明供应链情境下非研发创新的结构与前因。基于社会资本理论，破解如何提升研发创新与非研发创新，并探明供应商为制造商带来更多的研发创新还是非研发创新。选取538份有效问卷，采用结构方程模型验证，实证结果表明：（1）制造商——供应商社会资本各维度均正向影响研发创新与非研发创新；（2）相对于研发创新，结构资本与认知资本更能提升制造企业非研发创新；而相对于非研发创新，关系资本更能提升制造企业研发创新；（3）社会资本各维度对非研发创新的各维度（产品或工艺改进、模仿创新、技术引进与市场创新）均产生正向影响。研究结论厘清了制造企业制造商——供应商社会资本不同维度提升研发创新/非研发创新的差异性影响，为制造企业提升研发创新/非研发创新提供理论解释与实践启示。

关键词: 制造商-供应商社会资本, 非研发创新, 研发创新, 社会资本理论

Abstract: Under the background of open innovation, making use of suppliers′ innovation ability or strengthening the depth of cooperation has become an important means to improve the innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises, but the cooperation with suppliers will not significantly promote the R&D innovation of manufacturing enterprises. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of R&D tasks, the weak absorptive capacity of enterprises and the limited depth of cooperation, the R&D capacity promoted by manufacturing enterprises is limited.
Although manufacturers′ ability to improve R&D innovation by suppliers is limited, the process technology information, technological transformation plan and market dynamic information acquired in cooperation will improve the non-R&D innovation level of manufacturing enterprises. Non-R&D innovation is different from traditional R&D innovation, it mainly includes technical or non-technical innovation activities such as imitation, improvement and improvement of new products or technologies, organizational learning and user innovation. Non-R&D innovation has gradually attracted the attention of enterprises: On the one hand, compared with R&D innovation, non-R&D innovation has shorter time cycle, lower cost and strong selectivity. On the other hand, the output of non-R&D innovation is relatively high and the profits are relatively fast, while the short-term profits of enterprises are applied to long-term R&D activities, which is more conducive to give full play to the utilization rate of innovation resources, ensure the long-term investment in R&D, and then improve the innovation performance of enterprises. Therefore, an in-depth study on the path mechanism of manufacturing enterprises to promote non-R&D innovation in the context of supply chain provides beneficial ideas for the improvement of innovation capability. Therefore, non-R&D innovation is an important way to improve the innovation performance of manufacturing enterprise, but few studies have proved the structure of non-R&D innovation and the relationship between R&D innovation and non-R&D innovation in the context of supply chain.
Based on all above, the main contents of this paper are as follows: Firstly, the conceptual model of manufacturer supplier social capital and R&D or non-R&D innovation is constructed, and nine hypotheses are put forward. Specifically, the structural capital, cognitive capital and relational capital of manufacturer-supplier has a positive impact on manufacturer′s R&D and non-R&D innovation. Compared with R&D innovation, the structural capital of manufacturer-supplier has a stronger impact on non-R&D innovation, but the cognitive capital and relational capital of manufacturer-supplier has a stronger impact on R&D innovation than non-R&D innovation.
Secondly, the measurement scale is designed. A large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted by issuing questionnaires, and 538 questionnaires were collected from 206 enterprises. AMOS21.0 and SPSS24.0 were used to verify the reliability and validity of the scale. (1) All dimensions of manufacturer-supplier social capital positively affect R&D innovation and non-R&D innovation; (2) Compared with R&D innovation, structural capital and cognitive capital has a stronger impact on non-R&D innovation in manufacturing companies; but relational capital of manufacturer-supplier has a stronger impact on R&D innovation than non-R&D innovation; (3) structural capital, cognitive capital and relational capital have an positive impact on each dimension of non-R&D innovation (product or process improvement, imitation innovation, technology introduction and market innovation).
Finally, based on the empirical results, the research conclusion clarifies the differential impact of different dimensions of manufacturer-supplier social capital on R&D or non-R&D innovation, providing a theoretical explanation for manufacturing enterprises to improve R&D innovation/non-R&D innovation. In addition, there are three aspects of practical significance in this research, to help enterprises better improve innovation ability.

Key words: manufacturer-supplier social capital, non-R&D innovation, R&D innovation, social capital theory

祝明伟李随成. 供应商为制造商带来更多的研发创新还是非研发创新？——社会资本视角[J]. 科研管理, 2022, 43(7): 61-68.

Zhu Mingwei, Li Suicheng. Do suppliers bring more R&D innovation or non-R&D innovation to manufacturers?——A study from the perspective of social capital[J]. Science Research Management, 2022, 43(7): 61-68.

参考文献

[1] Hahn G J. Industry 4.0: a supply chain innovation perspective[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2020, 58(5): 1425-1441.
[2] Sabahi S, Parast M M. Firm innovation and supply chain resilience: a dynamic capability perspective[J]. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2020, 23(3): 254-269.
[3] Rasib N F N A, Sundram V P K, Noranee S. Competitive Advantage Fostering Supply Chain Innovation[J]. Management, 2021, 11(1): 439-450.
[4] Wu L, Chiu M L. Examining supply chain collaboration with determinants and performance impact: Social capital, justice, and technology use perspectives[J]. International Journal of Information Management, 2018, 39: 5-19.
[5]李娜, 李随成, 崔贺珵. 供应商创新性的利用机制:企业网络化行为的作用[J]. 南开管理评论, 2018, 21(1): 39-53.
[6] Kusi-Sarpong S, Gupta H, Sarkis J. A supply chain sustainability innovation framework and evaluation methodology[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2019, 57(7): 1990-2008.
[7] Brunswicker S, Vanhaverbeke W. Open innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): External knowledge sourcing strategies and internal organizational facilitators[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2015, 53(4): 1241-1263.
[8] G?lgeci I, Kuivalainen O. Does social capital matter for supply chain resilience? The role of absorptive capacity and marketing-supply chain management alignment[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2020, 84: 63-74.
[9]李随成, 武梦超, 李娜, 王玮. 战略供应商管理对供应商网络整合的影响机理研究[J]. 南开管理评论, 2016, 19(6): 58-69.
[10] Thom? J, Zimmermann V. Interactive learning—The key to innovation in non-R&D-intensive SMEs? A cluster analysis approach[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 2020, 58(4): 747-776.
[11] Rammer C, Czarnitzki D, Spielkamp A. Innovation success of non-R&D-performers: substituting technology by management in SMEs[J]. Small Business Economics, 2009, 33(1): 35-58.
[12]郑刚, 刘仿, 徐峰, 彭新敏. 非研发创新:被忽视的中小企业创新另一面[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2014, 35(1): 140-146.
[13] Barge-Gil A, Jesus Nieto M, Santamaria L. Hidden innovators: The role of non-R&D activities[J]. Technology analysis & Strategic management, 2011, 23(4): 415-432.
[14] Lopez-Rodriguez J, Martinez-Lopez D. Looking beyond the R&D effects on innovation: The contribution of non-R&D activities to total factor productivity growth in the EU[J]. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2017, 40: 37-45.
[15] Hall L A, Bagchi-Sen S. A study of R&D, innovation, and business performance in the Canadian biotechnology industry[J]. Technovation, 2002, 22(4): 231-244.
[16] Arundel A, Bordoy C, Kanerva M. Neglected innovators: how do innovative firms that do not perform R&D innovate [J]. INNO-Metrics Thematic Paper, 2008, 1-38.
[17] Guo Y, Zheng G, Liu F. Non-R&D-based innovation activities and performance in Chinese SMEs: the role of absorptive capacity[J]. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 2017, 25(1): 110-128.
[18]解学梅, 王宏伟. 网络嵌入对企业创新绩效的影响机理：一个基于非研发创新的有调节中介模型[J]. 管理工程学报, 2020, 34(6): 13-28.
[19] Granovetter M. Economic institutions as social constructions: a framework for analysis[J]. Acta sociologica, 1992, 35(1): 3-11.
[20] Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S. Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage[J]. Academy of management review, 1998, 23(2): 242-266.
[21] Roden S, Lawson B. Developing social capital in buyer–supplier relationships: The contingent effect of relationship-specific adaptations[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2014, 151(5): 89-99.
[22] Tsai W, Ghoshal S. Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks[J]. Academy of management Journal, 1998, 41(4): 464-476.
[23] Polyviou M, Croxton K L, Knemeyer A M. Resilience of medium-sized firms to supply chain disruptions: the role of internal social capital[J]. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 2019, 40(1): 68-91.
[24] Li Y, Ye F, Sheu C. Social capital, information sharing and performance: Evidence from China[J]. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 2014. 34(11):1440-1462.
[25] Barney J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J]. Journal of management, 1991, 17(1): 99-120.
[26] Lee C H, Ha B C. The impact of buyer-supplier relationships’ social capital on bi-directional information sharing in the supply chain[J]. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 2018, 33(3): 325-336.
[27] Chang H H, Chuang S S. Social capital and individual motivations on knowledge sharing: Participant involvement as a moderator[J]. Information & management, 2011, 48(1): 9-18.
[28] Cheng J H, Fu Y C. Inter-organizational relationships and knowledge sharing through the relationship and institutional orientations in supply chains[J]. International Journal of Information Management, 2013, 33(3): 473-484.
[29] Robert Jr L P, Dennis A R, Ahuja M K. Social capital and knowledge integration in digitally enabled teams[J]. Information systems research, 2008, 19(3): 314-334.
[30] Yli-Renko H, Autio E, Sapienza H J. Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology‐based firms[J]. Strategic management journal, 2001, 22(6-7): 587-613.
[31] Hartono E, Holsapple C W, Jin H. The role of technological know-how in c-commerce success[J]. Decision support systems, 2011, 51(1): 77-87.
[32] Qian H, Jung H. Solving the knowledge filter puzzle: Absorptive capacity, entrepreneurship and regional development[J]. Small Business Economics, 2017, 48(1): 99-114.
[33] Preston D S, Chen D Q, Swink M, et al. Generating supplier benefits through buyer‐enabled knowledge enrichment: A social capital perspective[J]. Decision Sciences, 2017, 48(2): 248-287.
[34] Villena V H, Revilla E, Choi T Y. The dark side of buyer–supplier relationships: A social capital perspective[J]. Journal of Operations management, 2011, 29(6): 561-576.
[35] Parra-Requena G, Molina-Morales F X, García-Villaverde P M. The mediating effect of cognitive social capital on knowledge acquisition in clustered firms[J]. Growth and change, 2010, 41(1): 59-84.
[36] Cooper R G, Kleinschmidt E J. What makes a new product a winner: Success factors at the project level[J]. R&D Management, 1987, 17(3): 175-189.
[37] Lazzarotti V, Manzini R, Mari L. A model for R&D performance measurement[J]. International journal of production economics, 2011, 134(1): 212-223.
[38]姚山季, 来尧静, 金晔. 顾客参与驱动企业研发绩效的机制研究: 组织学习视角[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2015, 36(5):95-104.
[39]崔贺珵, 李随成, 乔建麒, 李娜. 供应商创新性提升机理:制造商—供应商社会资本作用研究[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2020, 37(13): 92-101.
[40]Carey S, Lawson B, Krause D R. Social capital configuration, legal bonds and performance in buyer–supplier relationships[J]. Journal of operations management, 2011, 29(4): 277-288.