以“双创”政策为代表的系列政策是围绕特定主题制定和实施的复杂政策体系，本文提出政策组合效应是影响系列政策有效性的关键问题。利用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法对2009-2018年我国“双创”政策样本的研究结果显示，高有效性的政策组合构型可归纳为环境平衡型、供给推动型和需求拉动型，且这三种政策组合分别与我国东、中、西部地区的政策效果匹配。对于政策组合效应的主要启示包括：（1）政策工具组合通过叠加方式更能提升政策效果；（2）政策区位组合的有效构型差异较大，政策制定要做到差异化供给；（3）政策时序组合方面则体现出政策连续性和政策创新性的不同适用性，需结合不同政策工具和适用地区具体施策。本研究为系列政策的制定、实施和评价提供新的思路。
Abstract
The "Innovation and Entrepreneurship" series policies ("I&E series policies") in China are a set of complex policy systems formulated and implemented under specific themes. This paper uses the policy mixture effect to explain the effectiveness of series policies. We try to find out the types of efficient policy mix and provide references for policy makers. Based on the literature reviews, we conclude the policy mix effect into three dimensions, which are named as the policy tool mix effect, the policy area mix effect and the policy time mix effect. These three policy mix effects may better explain how the I&E series policies are working as combination and come to be an efficient policy outcome, including both higher level of innovation intensity and entrepreneurial involvement.
This paper collects 156 "Innovation and Entrepreneurship" policies in China from the year of 2009 to 2018, and uses the text analysis method to quantify the collected policy texts from four dimensions: policy tool, policy goal, policy detail and policy continuity. Then we explore the policy mix effect by using the method of fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The results show that there are three kinds of policy mixtures that lead to high level of policy effectiveness, which are named as environmental-balanced type, supply-push type and demand-pull type. These three paths are separately matched with the developed and developing areas in China, which are generally divided as the eastern, central and western regions of China.
The policy mix effect is mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) In all effective configurations, three types of policy tools are used in a balanced way, and the combination of supply and demand-based policy tools accounts for a large proportion. The superposition of two or more policy tools can improve the policy effectiveness. In addition, the combination of policy tools, innovation and entrepreneurship goals can be considered as the motivation of innovation and entrepreneurship. (2) The effective configurations vary in different regions of China, and the policy differentiation supply should be realized in different developing and developed areas. In particular, for enterprises in the eastern region, the policy should focus on providing a continuous and stable business environment; For the central region, policy makers should pay attention to pulling up the demand and stimulating the market vitality; For the western region, the key work is about supply promotion, such as financial support, talent introduction, etc., When making policies, we should set clear policy objectives and strive to promote the coordinated development of the western region. (3) Attention should be paid to the different configurations of policy continuity when considering the policy mix effect throughout the time, and specific policies need to be implemented according to different policy tools and applicable regions. Specifically, if all three kinds of policy tools are used in combination, they should be continued with similar policies in recent years. On the other hand, if we focus on a certain type of policy tool or a specific policy goal, the previous policies should not be over repeated and relied on. This study provides new ideas for the formulation, implementation and evaluation of national series policies.
关键词
政策评价 /
创业创新 /
系列政策 /
政策组合效应 /
fsQCA
Key words
policy evaluation;entrepreneurship and innovation /
series policies;policy mix effect /
fsQCA
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基金
浙江省软科学重点研究项目（2022C25017）。
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