高铁技术创新过程是一个新技术合法化的过程，成功的高铁技术创新模式是我国实现重点战略新兴产业发展的典型范式，在当前的国际局势下对我国其他技术赶超领域具有更加重要的借鉴意义。本文从历史分析的视角，在引入技术合法性概念的基础上，综合应用技术创新和新制度理论，梳理了1949年至2015年7000余项科技创新政策并采用纳入政策维度的技术路线图分析框架（P-TRM），探索我国不同发展阶段的科技政策对高铁核心技术创新、产品、市场的作用机制；结合我国高铁从技术引进到自主研发的技术路径，分析我国高铁技术创新的合法化机制，探索我国政府主导的高铁技术创新的制度逻辑与变革路径。研究结果表明：中国高铁所取得的成就与强大的国家能力和政府主导的制度变革和技术进步密不可分。建议充分发挥政府主导的战略部署作用，充分利用我国的制度优势，根据制度创新对技术创新发展的导向关系，推动重点战略新兴产业的发展，建立战略性技术领域的国家创新体系。
Abstract
The process of high-speed rail technology innovation is also a process of new technology legalization. The successful high-speed rail technology innovation mode is a typical paradigm to realize the development of key strategic emerging industries in China. It has more important reference significance for other technology catching-up fields in China, given the current international situation. From the perspective of historical analysis, based on the introduction of the concept of technological legitimacy, this paper comprehensively applies the theory of technological innovation and new institutionalism to analyze China′s science and technology policies related to the development of high-speed rail.
By sorting out more than 7000 science and technology innovation policies from 1949 to 2015, we analyze the science and technology policies and their evolution process related to the development of high-speed rail in China. Adopting the technology roadmap analysis framework with policy dimension (P-TRM), we explore the influencing mechanism of science and technology policies in different development stages on the core technology innovation, products and market of high-speed rail. The whole period can be divided into four phases: national defense construction phase, economic construction and industrial introduction phase, the phase of implementing the strategy of prospering the nation with science and education, and the phase to apply innovative country strategy. Based on the study of these technology polices and their evolution process, combined with the analysis of the technology path from importation to independent research and development of high-speed rail technology in China, we explore the institutional logic and evolving path of the state-led high-speed rail technology innovation from the perspective of technology legitimacy.
The main conclusions include: the authority and centralized strong leadership funded by the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China and government for many years help to accelerate the legalization process of high-speed rail technology; the state promotes system reform and policy update timely according to the changes of political, economic and social environment, and it is conducive to promoting high-speed rail technology innovation; it is an important lesson to insist independent innovation, to continuously accumulate technology development and strengthen technical capacity, to import necessary technology timely, to rapidly promote the technological innovation of high-speed rail by digesting and absorbing those imported technologies into our own technical system. The achievements of China′s high-speed rail are inseparable from China′s huge market and strong industrial system, nor from the strong national capacity and state-led institutional reform and technological progress.
It is suggested that we should give full play to the strategic deployment role led by the state, make full use of China′s institutional advantages. We should pay great attention to the importance of technological legitimacy. Following the guiding relationship between institutional innovation and the development of technological innovation, considering the normative legitimacy, cognitive legitimacy and regulatory legitimacy, we should scientifically plan the stages of institutional embeddedness, institutional design and institutional support, so as to smooth and accelerate the process of the legalization of industrial technology and improve the ability of technological innovation. We should fully pool the dual forces of state will and market forces, promote integrated innovation comprehensively, rationally allocate resources, encourage resource sharing, accelerate the development of key strategic emerging industries, and establish a national innovation system in the field of strategic technology.
关键词
制度逻辑 /
技术合法性 /
技术创新 /
高铁
Key words
institution logic /
technology legitimacy /
technological innovation /
high-speed rail
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基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目：“面向产业平台创新生态系统的协同创新机理及其战略选择”（71532003，2016.01—2020.12）；国家自然科学基金面上项目：“共生视角下新兴IT赋能的平台生态系统价值共创机理”（72072008，2021.01—2024.12）。
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