科技服务业集聚结构特征与区位因素研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科技服务业集聚结构与功能，与区域创新需求和条件息息相关。运用HDI、区位熵、灰色关联度对我国2003—2018年31个省域科技服务业集聚规模、时空分布态势、结构特征、区位因素进行研究，发现：（1）发达省域科技服务业集聚规模较大，省域间规模差距逐渐缩小；（2）研究和试验发展、专业技术、科技推广和应用三类服务业态的专业化集聚分别呈增长-重心东移、降低-重心西移和增长-均匀化趋势；（3）当前各省域集聚结构存在三种形态、两种主要演变趋势和四条演化路径；（4）区位因素对科技服务业集聚结构产生重要影响，但不同服务业态的影响因素存在差异。最后，从省域间服务业梯次联动发展、不同经济水平省域当前服务业发展任务、基于区位因素制定服务业发展政策、服务业重点发展业态四个方面提出对策建议。研究有助于把握我国科技服务业集聚的时空演变规律及区位影响因素，对于各省优化科技服务业发展规划与政策、改善科技服务业集聚结构和提升科技服务水平有积极促进作用。

关键词: 科技服务业, 集聚结构, 区位因素, 专业化, 多样化

Abstract: The agglomeration structure and function of science and technology service industry are closely related to the demands and conditions of regional innovation. Recent research shows that the existing functions and layout of science and technology service industry in China cannot meet the innovation service needs of high-tech manufacturing industries, so it is an urgent task to pay attention to the reasonable adjustment of science and technology service industry structure. By using the methods of Herfindahl Diversified Index (HDI), Location Entropy and Grey Correlation Degree Analysis, this paper makes analyses on the agglomeration scale, space-time distribution, structural characteristics and locational factors of science and technology service industry in China′s 31 provincial-level regions from the year of 2003 to 2018.
There are some important findings as follows. First, the science and technology service industry are highly concentrated in the developed provincial-level regions with high innovation level and large-scale innovation service demands, and the scale gap among provincial-level regions is gradually narrowing with time. Second, the evolution trends of the three sub formats for science and technology service industry are as follows: the specialized agglomeration of research & development service is growing and the agglomeration center shifts eastwards, the specialized agglomeration of professional technical service is decreasing and the agglomeration center shifts westwards, and the specialized agglomeration of science-technology promotion and application service is growing with characteristics of provincial uniform distribution. Third, the science and technology service industry mainly presents three characteristics of three agglomeration structure types of single format, one principal-one subsidiary and multi formats, two evolution trends that research & development service or science-technology promotion and application service may prevail in the future agglomeration structure, as well as four evolution paths of agglomeration structure. Fourth, the agglomeration structure of science and technology service industry is influenced by locational factors, while there are influencing factor differences among three service formats.
Combined with the characteristics of the agglomeration structure of science and technology service industry in China and the differences of location factors among provincial-level regions, this paper puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions for science and technology service industry development from four aspects: 1) promote the sequential and interactive development of science and technology service industry among provincial-level regions according to the heterogeneity of spatial distribution and location factors of science and technology service industry; 2) developed provincial-level regions should focus on the adjustment of the agglomeration structure, and less developed provincial-level regions should continue to promote the agglomeration degree of science and technology services; 3) make policies on science and technology service industry development based on the locational factors of each provincial-level region; and 4) focus on two sub formats of science and technology service industry in the future including research & development service and science-technology promotion and application service.
This research may be helpful for us to grasp the space-time evolution law and the locational factors of Chinese science and technology service industry agglomeration, and it has a positive role in optimizing regional science and technology service industry development planning and policy, improving the agglomeration structure of science and technology service industry and promoting the quality and level of science and technology service.

Key words: science and technology service industry, agglomeration structure, locational factor, specialization, diversification

王宏起李莹莹王珊珊. 科技服务业集聚结构特征与区位因素研究[J]. 科研管理, 2022, 43(10): 24-32.

Wang Hongqi, Li Yingying, Wang Shanshan. Research on the characteristics and locational factors of the agglomeration structure of science and technology service industry[J]. Science Research Management, 2022, 43(10): 24-32.

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