我国海洋科技人才集聚度测算及影响因素研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以我国沿海11省市2006-2015年的数据为样本，运用人才区位熵方法对沿海地区2006-2015年的海洋科技人才集聚度进行测算，并对全国沿海区域以及不同省市进行差异性比较分析。基于人才生态环境的视角，结合海洋科技人才特性，运用普通面板回归与空间分位数回归方法探讨了经济、产业、生活、文化、对外开放各方面因素对海洋科技人才集聚的整体影响。最后，结合我国海洋科技人才集聚的实际情况，提出优化海洋人才集聚的政策建议。

关键词: 海洋科技人才, 人才集聚, 影响因素, 集聚度测算

Abstract: The agglomeration of marine science and technology talents is an important means to realize the strategy of building a strong maritime country. By means of measuring the agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents in different areas and analyzing the influencing factors, we can guide the reasonable flow and agglomeration of marine science and technology talents, which is very important for improving the social and economic problems caused by unreasonable agglomeration of marine science and technology talents. What is the current situation of marine science and technology talents agglomeration in China? What are the influencing factors of marine science and technology talents agglomeration? This paper aims to solve these two problems.
Taking the data of the 11 coastal provinces and cities in China from 2006 to 2015 as a sample, we used the talent location entropy method to measure the agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents in coastal areas from 2006 to 2015, and made a comparative analysis of the differences on different cities. Overall, the agglomeration of marine science and technology talents in coastal areas presents an unbalanced state. Economically developed cities are at a higher level of marine talents agglomeration. We can draw a conclusion roughly according to the change of the talent location entropy index of each province and city. In the past ten years, the main export places of talents are Shanghai and Tianjin, which are relatively developed. The main input places of talents are provinces which are concentrated in the northern and central coastal regions, while the overall change of the southern coastal areas is not obvious.
Based on the perspective of talent ecological environment, and combined with the characteristics of marine science and technology talents, we used ordinary panel regression and spatial quantile regression methods to explore the overall impact of economic, industrial, life, culture and opening-up on the agglomeration of marine science and technology talents. The results show that the effect and significance of different factors on different marine science and technology talents agglomeration are different: (1) Natural environment pollution has an obvious inhibitory effect on the agglomeration of marine science and technology talents. The regional GDP, marine output value, marine education level, marine science and technology level, cultural atmosphere and public service level have an obvious promoting effect on the agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents. While the degree of opening to the outside world has a not significant effect on the agglomeration of marine talents. (2) Marine education level and public service level are the common influencing factors of marine science and technology talents agglomeration. They have positive influence on all provinces and cities with different agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents, and their effect is stronger in provinces and cities with higher agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents than provinces and cities with lower agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents. The regional GDP is the main influencing factor of the provinces with low agglomeration of marine science and technology talents, and the higher the regional GDP is, the higher the agglomeration of marine science and technology talents is. Marine output value is the main influencing factor of the provinces and cities where the agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents is in the middle position, the higher the regional marine output value is, the higher the agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents is. The level of marine science and technology has a positive impact on the provinces and cities with low and medium agglomeration of marine science and technology talents. To some extent, the improvement of cultural atmosphere has a more obvious influence on the provinces and cities where the agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents is in medium and high level, but the effect on the provinces and cities with low agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents is not obvious.
The above conclusions expand the relevant research on the agglomeration of marine science and technology talents, and they may act as the supplement and improvement for the existing theories of marine science and technology talents agglomeration. In addition, they have some enlightenment to the management of marine science and technology talents agglomeration in China. On the basis of the effect and significance of the influence of various factors, we can guide the reasonable flow and agglomeration of marine science and technology talents according to different circumstances and maximize the effect of talents agglomeration, so as to improve the social and economic problems caused by the unreasonable agglomeration of marine science and technology talents.
Finally, combined with the actual situation of the agglomeration of marine science and technology talents in China, we put forward some policy suggestions for optimizing the agglomeration of marine talents: (1) Provinces and cities with low agglomeration: develop economy further and lay a good economic foundation. The main work of provinces and cities with low agglomeration of marine science and technology talents is to focus on the development of local economy and economic construction, and improve the speed and quality of economic development. (2) Provinces and cities with middle agglomeration: vigorously develop the marine industry and improve the level of marine science and technology. The main work of provinces and cities with middle agglomeration of the marine science and technology talents is to focus on the development of marine industry and marine science and technology, and create the attraction of marine talents relying on the development of marine industry and marine science and technology. (3) Provinces and cities with high degree of agglomeration: create a good cultural atmosphere and rely on cultural soft power to enhance talent cultivation. Provinces and cities with high agglomeration of marine science and technology talents, such as Shanghai and Tianjin, should focus on creating a good urban cultural environment.

Key words: marine science and technology talent, agglomeration of talent, influencing factor, agglomeration degree measurement

孙林杰, 孙万君, 高紫琪. 我国海洋科技人才集聚度测算及影响因素研究[J]. 科研管理, 2022, 43(10): 192-199.

Sun Linjie, Sun Wanjun, Gao Ziqi. Research on the measurement and influencing factors of the agglomeration degree of marine science and technology talents in China[J]. Science Research Management, 2022, 43(10): 192-199.

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