科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 160-171.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

杰出科学家成长规律研究——以诺贝尔科学奖得主和中国科学院院士为例

穆荣平1,2，廖原1,2，池康伟1   

  1. 1.中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院，北京100190；
    2.中国科学院大学，北京100049
  • 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 池康伟
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目：“创新引领发展的机制与对策研究”（18ZDA101，2018—2023）。

Research on the growth law of outstanding scientists——Case on Nobel Science Prize winners and academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mu Rongping1,2, Liao Yuan1,2, Chi Kangwei1   

  1. 1. Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-10-21

摘要： 准确把握杰出科学家成长规律是科技创新人才政策制定前瞻性和针对性的重要保障。综合使用统计分析、比较分析、文献研究等方法组合对1901—2021年诺贝尔科学奖得主和中国科学院院士群体的成长规律进行深入分析，研究发现：（1）杰出科学家做出重大成果的时间集中在35~45岁，其重大科学贡献获得学术界认可的平均年龄在57~58岁，其中，诺贝尔科学奖得主的平均获奖年龄呈现上升趋势，而中国科学院院士的平均当选年龄呈现下降趋势；（2）化学、生命科学和医学领域重大成就获得认可的时间相对较短，物理学等领域重大成就获得认可的时间相对较长；（3）杰出科学家通常拥有良好的科学教育背景，并在世界一流的学术研究平台进行过高水平的科研工作和学术交流，在一流的学术环境中成长起来；（4）杰出科学家的涌现表现出较强的群落效应和明显的师承关系，师承关系是杰出科学家成长的重要因素，师从名家可以有效促进科学家成长。基于上述研究结论，本文对杰出科学家支持政策和青年科技创新人才政策制定提出了两点政策启示。

关键词: 杰出科学家, 成长规律, 诺贝尔奖得主, 中国科学院院士

Abstract:    Accurately grasping the growth law of outstanding scientists is an important guarantee for the forward-looking and targeted formulation of policies for science, technology and innovation talents. This study comprehensively uses the combination of statistical analysis, comparative analysis and literature analysis to conduct an in-depth analysis of the growth law of the Nobel Science Prize winners from 1901 to 2021 and the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was found that: (1) Outstanding scientists made major achievements at the age of 35~45, and the average age at which their major scientific contributions were recognized by the academic community was 57~58. The average age of Nobel Science Prize winners is on the rise, while the average age of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is on the decline. (2) It is relatively short for major achievements in chemistry, life sciences and medicine to be recognized, while it is relatively long for major achievements in physics and other fields to be recognized. (3) Outstanding scientists usually have a good scientific education background, and have conducted high-level scientific research work and academic exchanges on the world-class academic research platforms, and have grown up in a first-class academic environment. (4) The emergence of outstanding scientists shows strong community effects and obvious mentoring relationships. The mentoring relationship is an important factor in the growth of outstanding scientists, and learning from famous scientists can effectively promote the growth of scientists. Based on the conclusions, this study proposes two policy implications for supporting outstanding scientists and young science, technology and innovation talents.

Key words: outstanding scientist, growth law, Nobel Prize winner, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences