探究创新型城市试点政策的创新绩效，为实现创新驱动下的经济高质量发展和创新型国家建设提供参考。本文运用多时期双重差分模型和中介效应机制，基于全国地级及以上城市数据，对创新型城市设立的政策效应及影响机制进行检验。实证结果表明：（1）创新型城市设立可以显著增加城市创新数量，并提高以实质性创新、可持续创新和产学研协同创新表征的创新质量；（2）异质性分析表明，创新型城市设立对东部及南方城市创新能力的提升更加显著；相对于三线城市，对一、二线城市的影响更为显著，且影响系数值随城市等级的降低逐渐减小；进一步研究表明，试点政策有显著的空间溢出效应；（3）创新型城市设立可通过吸引高质量人力资源和产业结构升级提高区域创新能力。国家应继续支持创新型城市建设，因地制宜提升区域创新能力，同时促进创新路径多元化发展。
Abstract
Innovation is the main driving force that enables our country′s rapid growth economy to transform to high quality development and key core technology to develop into the forefront of innovative countries, but at present the development has fallen into the innovation predicament of "sufficiency in quantity but lack in quality". To this end, China has set up a number of pilot innovative cities and expected to promote the regional integral innovative development by taking the surface with the point.
The research around innovation-oriented cities has attracted much attention from scholars. This paper summarizes the innovation measurement methods and related research literature of innovation-oriented cities. Then the overview finds that the existing methods to measure innovation level focus on the measurement of comprehensive innovation performance and innovation quantity level, and the research on innovation quality is not comprehensive enough. Moreover, there is a lack of research on the policy effect of innovation-oriented cities based on the perspectives of innovation quantity and innovation quality.
Through research and analysis, this paper puts forward some theoretical hypotheses from three aspects: the establishment and innovation ability of innovative cities, the heterogeneity of innovation effect and the internal mechanism of influencing innovation, and constructs quasi natural experiments based on the panel data of cities at prefecture level and above in China, respectively with patent application number of innovation quantity, material innovation, sustainable innovation and collaborative innovation of industry-university-research as the dependent variable, taking whether to be an innovation-oriented cities as the independent variable. After using the multi-period differential model to conduct research, the results show that the establishment of innovation-oriented cities not only increases the quantity of innovation, but also promotes the improvement of innovation quality. By a series of robustness tests, the results are still robust.
The heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of the establishment of innovative cities on the quantity and quality of urban innovation is different between different locations and different levels of cities. The pilot policies have a significant positive impact in the east and south regions, and a low significant impact in the central and western regions, but no significant impact in the northern regions. In the first-tier and second-tier cities, the effect is significantly positive, while in the third-tier cities, the effect coefficient is positive but not significant, and the effect coefficient gradually decreases with the decrease of the city level. Further analysis shows that the establishment of innovative cities has a significant spatial spillover effect, which can not only improve the innovation capacity of local cities, but also promote the innovative development of surrounding areas.
In order to test the internal mechanism of innovation-oriented cities policy, this paper explores the mediating effect of attracting high-quality human resources and upgrading industrial structure as the mediating variables. The empirical results show that they play a certain role in transmission, but the effect only accounts for 40%.
In the future, we should continue to support the construction of innovation-oriented cities, develop innovation capacity according to local conditions, and promote diversified development of innovation paths.
关键词
创新型城市 /
创新数量 /
创新质量 /
异质性分析
Key words
innovative city /
innovations quantity /
innovation quality /
heterogeneity analysis
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基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金面上项目：“内蒙古绿色经济增长效率与城镇化质量协调发展研究”（2018MS07017，2018.01—2020.12）。
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