中国高端装备制造业技术创新能力评价研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2011—2018年中国高端装备制造业数据，结合“VHSD-EM”综合动态评价模型对七个高端装备制造业子行业进行技术创新能力的测度分析。结果表明：①时间演变维度上，各子行业技术创新能力变化幅度存在差异，但分化程度呈现一定程度的缩小趋势。②行业分布维度上，各子行业技术创新能力分化明显，且在分布上具有集聚效应。③影响因素分析中，运用混合回归模型，实证检验了技术进步和产业特征对技术创新能力的正向影响。本文基于以上分析结果对我国高端装备制造业技术创新能力的提升提供了相关政策建议。

关键词: 高端装备制造业, 技术创新能力, 评价体系, “VHSD-EM”模型

Abstract: As an important sector of national technological innovation, the advanced equipment manufacturing industry (AEMI) has to improve its technological innovation capabilities and cultivate a continuous innovation mechanism for surviving in the international industrial chain system and further promoting low-end manufacturing industry. It is therefore necessary to systematically calculate the level of industrial technological innovation capabilities of AEMI, grasp the laws of temporal and spatial evolution, and explore the main constraints. However, there is still a lack of relevant empirical research on how to solve key problems.
Firstly, this paper starts from defining the connotation of AEMI, analyzing industry characteristics and the desirability of statistical data, and selecting research objects, including Manufacture of Electronic Equipment and Communication Equipment (MEECE), Manufacture of Computers and Office Equipment (MCOE), Manufacture of Medical Equipment and Meters (MMEM), Manufacture of General Purpose Machinery (MGPM), Manufacture of Special Purpose Machinery (MSPM) and Manufacturing Industry of Transportation Equipment (MITE) and Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus (MEMA).
Secondly, based on the theoretical framework of "innovation environment-innovation input-innovation process-innovation output", this paper constructs an index system by improving and adjusting the index system of existing technological innovation capabilities. The indicator system is based on reflecting the balance between the total and average amount of technological innovation capabilities, and includes four dimensions: innovative environmental protection capabilities, innovative resource input capabilities, technological innovation transformation capabilities, and innovation output capabilities. Then we used the "VHSD-EM" method to calculate the technological innovation capability of seven sub-sectors of AEMI from 2011 to 2018.
We have studied the time evolution and industry distribution characteristics of the technological innovation capabilities of AEMI. From the perspective of time, the level of technological innovation in MEECE has increased the most and the score has always been in the first place. The innovation capabilities of other industries show cyclical fluctuations and there is a certain level of stratification. However, with the exception of MEECE, the differences between the remaining industries show a narrowing trend. From the perspective of industry distribution, we can observe that the industry distribution difference of technological innovation ability of AEMI is significant, and has aggregation effect in distribution. Among them, the overall evaluation value of the technological innovation ability of MEECE always ranks first, with the score value of 0.773 after the second weighting, which is far higher than the industry average level of 0.398. While the overall evaluation value of the technological innovation ability of MMEM are in the fourth gradient, with the score 0.206. In addition to the three industries mentioned above, MITE and MEMA ranked in the second gradient, and the technological innovation ability was better; MGPM, MCOE and MSPM ranked the third gradient with poor performance.
Thirdly, from the perspective of the meso-environment, both technological progress and industrial characteristics have an important impact on the level of technological innovation capabilities. It can be seen that in the critical period of industrial transformation and upgrading, if AEMI wants to achieve a steady improvement in technological innovation capabilities, it must accelerate the formation of enterprise human resources accumulation, stabilize the market position of AEMI, and maintain the core technology advantage in the fierce competition under the premise of core technological progress.
At last, based on the above analysis results, relevant policy recommendations are provided for improving the technological innovation capability of AEMI.
〖WTHZ〗Key

Key words: advanced equipment manufacturing industry (AEMI), technological innovation capability, evaluation system, "VHSD-EM" model

唐孝文孙悦唐晓彬. 中国高端装备制造业技术创新能力评价研究[J]. 科研管理, 2021, 42(9): 1-9.

Tang Xiaowen, Sun Yue, Tang Xiaobin. An evaluation of technological innovation capability of the advanced equipment manufacturing industry in China[J]. Science Research Management, 2021, 42(9): 1-9.

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