科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 176-183.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不确定性下量子型领导对员工工作投入的影响

辛杰，韩愈，刘淑君，孙卫敏   

  1. 山东大学 管理学院，山东 济南250100
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-04 修回日期:2020-11-25 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 孙卫敏
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目：“共生视阈下平台企业社会责任研究：构建、治理、价值效应”(71972118，2020.01—2023.12)；教育部人文社会科学基金规划项目：“基于协同演进的平台企业社会责任治理及价值获取机制研究”（19YJA630094，2019.07—2022.07）；山东省自然科学基金项目：“平台型企业社会责任的协同治理及双元价值创造机制研究”（ZR2019MG031，2019.07—2022.07）。

The influence of quantum leadership on employees′ work engagement in uncertain situations

Xin Jie, Han Yu, Liu Shujun, Sun Weimin   

  1. School of Management, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-06-04 Revised:2020-11-25 Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-06-22

摘要： 不确定情景侵扰了人们平静有序的工作状态，诱发了企业员工焦虑担忧等负面情绪，影响到了员工工作投入。员工的工作投入被视为企业效能的重要因素，在不确定情境下提升员工的工作投入需要诉诸于能有效应对不确定事件的量子型领导。本研究于2020年中国新冠疫情逐渐得到控制和企业复工复产时期发放调查问卷，从自我损耗理论视角探讨了量子型领导对员工工作投入的影响机制。实证研究结果表明：量子型领导对员工工作投入有显著的正向影响，自我损耗在量子型领导与工作投入之间发挥中介作用，职场孤独感调节了自我损耗与工作投入之间的关系。本文对不确定情境下培育量子型领导力来提升员工的工作投入提供了新的角度和思路，拓展了量子型领导对员工行为作用机制的研究，从培育量子型领导、缓解员工自我损耗、降低员工孤独感三个方面为企业的管理实践提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 量子型领导, 工作投入, 自我损耗, 职场孤独感

Abstract:    The VUCA characteristics of the operating environment of enterprises are increasingly obvious. Under such uncertain circumstances, the accumulation of negative emotions and psychological states will hinder employees′ active involvement in their work. The reduction of employees′ work engagement has a great impact on the resumption of work and production of enterprises under uncertain circumstances, so it is necessary to explore the antecedent variable to improve employees′ work engagement under uncertain circumstances. Leaders, as important antecedents in the organizational environment, can exert an important influence on employees′ work attitude and behavior. Although many leaders have some characteristics of quantum leadership in management practice and have a certain influence on employees′ job engagement, there is still a lack of theoretical research on the influence mechanism of quantum leadership on employees′ job engagement under uncertain scenarios.
   The COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 is a representative "uncertain" event for enterprises, which can better fit the management scenario of this study. In accordance with the principle of random sampling, 1,017 questionnaires were collected from employees of enterprises in six provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Yunnan, Hebei and Sichuan in 2020(from March 20 to April 13, 2020) during the period when the covid-19 epidemic was gradually brought under control and enterprises resumed production. In the context of uncertainty, this paper empirically studies the impact of quantum leadership on employees′ work engagement, and proposes two variables based on the theory of self-depletion, which is self-depletion and loneliness in the workplace, to explore their mechanism of action in this process.
    The empirical results show that:(1) quantum leadership has a significant positive impact on employees′ job engagement. When an organization faces an uncertain situation, it should resort to the cultivation of quantum leadership, so as to promote employees to improve their vitality, dedication and concentration in the workplace, and thus improve their job engagement.(2) Ego depletion plays a partial mediating role between quantum leadership and job engagement. Quantum-type leadership can improve employees′ positive emotions and supplement their psychological resources, thus reducing their ego depletion and further increasing their job engagement.(3) Workplace loneliness regulates the relationship between self-depletion and job engagement. In order to better exert the positive influence of quantum leadership on employee job engagement, it is necessary to pay attention to and eliminate the workplace loneliness of employees.
    The research in this paper extends and enriches the theoretical research on the influence of leadership style on employees′ job engagement. In the context of uncertainty, this paper introduces the theory of self-depletion from the perspective of individual employees, and based on the theory of self-depletion, it investigates the process of the role of quantum leadership from the perspective of psychological resources, thus enriching the research on the boundary conditions and action mechanism of the influence of quantum leadership on the employee′s work engagement. This paper provides some enlightenment for how business leaders in uncertain situation effectively improve employee work involvement， such as cultivating the seven characteristics of quantum type, attaching importance to and eliminate the need for the employee ego depletion, reduce the employee′s work alone, etc.

Key words: quantum leadership, work engagement, ego depletion, workplace loneliness