制造业聚集对能源绩效的影响及区域比较研究

杨浩昌; 李廉水; 张发明

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科研管理 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 102-115.

论文

制造业聚集对能源绩效的影响及区域比较研究

杨浩昌¹，李廉水²，张发明¹

作者信息 +

The impact of manufacturing agglomeration on energy performance and its regional comparison

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文章历史 +

摘要

基于2003-2015年中国省级制造业面板数据，本文运用两阶段最小二乘法实证分析了制造业聚集对静态和动态能源绩效的影响及其区域差异。结果显示，（1）从全国总体来看，无论在无环境约束还是在环境约束下，制造业聚集与静态和动态能源绩效及其分解指标之间均存在明显的“U型”曲线关系。（2）制造业经济发展水平与静态和动态能源绩效也呈现出显著的“U型”关系，即“环境库兹涅茨假说”在中国制造业中显著存在。其次，制造业企业规模和环境规制强度均有利于提升静态和动态能源绩效，验证了“熊彼特假说”和“波特假说”。此外，制造业外商直接投资和产权结构对静态和动态能源绩效均具有一定的负向影响作用，支持了“污染避难所”假说。（3）在无环境约束和环境约束两种情形下，制造业聚集对静态和动态能源绩效的影响作用均存在明显的区域差异。其中，东部和中部地区制造业聚集主要通过能源技术效率跨期提高和能源技术跨期进步的共同作用来促进其动态能源绩效提高，而西部地区制造业聚集则主要仅通过能源技术效率跨期提高来推进其动态能源绩效提升。

Abstract

In the process of China′s rapid growth into the world′s second largest economy, the contribution of manufacturing industry is particularly prominent. "Made in China" is famous all over the world, and a large number of products are exported overseas, which has created one miracle after another for China′s economy, as a result, China has gradually become the largest manufacturing country in the world. Looking back on the development of Chinese manufacturing industry, "resource dividend" was one of the main driving forces for Chinese manufacturing industry to create a miracle of economic growth. However, with the substantial increase of energy factor prices, the increasing pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction and the rapid deterioration of environmental quality problems, the traditional "resource dividend" is gradually disappearing, Chinese manufacturing industry paid for expensive resources and environment, and the extensive economic growth mode characterized by "high energy consumption, high emission, high pollution and low efficiency" is difficult to sustain. Therefore, Chinese manufacturing industry must take the "green manufacturing" road of energy conservation, emission reduction and sustainable development, and it is unsustainable to rely too much on the input of human resources, capital, energy and other factors, the development mode of Chinese manufacturing industry must change from factor expansion to efficiency enhancement. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly puts forward the five development concepts of "innovation, coordination, green, opening and sharing", adhering to the basic national policy of resource conservation and environmental protection, and adhering to sustainable development. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also clearly proposes to establish and improve the green economic system, low-carbon and circular development, promote the revolution of energy production and consumption, and advocate green development. Therefore, under the dual pressure of energy and environmental constraints, in order to achieve the sustainable and green development of Chinese manufacturing industry, so as to achieve the win-win of economic growth, energy conservation and environmental protection, and then promote the sound and rapid development of China′s economy, improving the energy performance of manufacturing industry has become the key problem to be solved.
As the largest manufacturing country in the world, the miracle of economic growth created by Chinese manufacturing industry is also a process of deepening industrial agglomeration. Since the reform and opening up, China′s industrialization process has been advancing with the improvement of the geographical spatial agglomeration level of its economic activities. Therefore, industrial agglomeration has become one of the most significant characteristics of China′s manufacturing economic activities. Theoretically speaking, on the one hand, manufacturing agglomeration can significantly improve energy performance through increasing returns to scale, knowledge or technology spillover, transaction cost reduction and incentive mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction formed by imperfect competition; On the other hand, it will also lead to the monopoly of resources through the negative externalities, which will lead to the distortion of resource allocation and inefficient use of energy, and then inhibit the improvement of energy performance. Therefore, in-depth study on the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on energy performance and explore feasible ways to improve the energy performance of manufacturing industry will not only help to clarify the mechanism of manufacturing agglomeration on energy performance, but also effectively analyze the influencing factors that restrict the improvement of energy performance, so as to promote Chinese manufacturing industry from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage and from an extensive development stage mode to intensive development mode. Moreover, it has very important theoretical research significance and practical guiding value to realize the sustainable growth of China′s economy, the intensive and efficient use of energy, the improvement of environmental quality problems, thus speeding up the construction of "two oriented society", the practice of "ecological civilization" and the promotion of "green manufacturing".
Based on the provincial manufacturing panel data in China from 2003 to 2015, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on static and dynamic energy performance and its regional differences by using the two-stage least square method. The results show that: (1) As a whole, no matter without environmental constraints or under environmental constraints, there is an obvious "U" curve relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and static and dynamic energy performance as well as its decomposition index; (2) There is also a significant "U" relationship between manufacturing economic development level and static and dynamic energy performance, namely that the "environmental Kuznets hypothesis" is significant existence in Chinese manufacturing industry. Secondly, manufacturing enterprises scale and environmental regulation are both beneficial to the improvement of static and dynamic energy performances, Schumpeter′s hypotheses and Porter hypothesis are verified. In addition, foreign direct investment and property right structure of manufacturing industry have a negative impact on static and dynamic energy performance, pollution haven hypothesis is supported; (3) Under two circumstances of without environmental constraints and environmental constraints, there are both obvious regional differences in the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on static and dynamic energy performance. Among them, the manufacturing agglomeration in the eastern and central regions promotes the dynamic energy performance mainly through the combined action of energy technical efficiency improvement and energy technological progress, while the manufacturing agglomeration in the western region promotes the dynamic energy performance only through the energy technical efficiency improvement. Based on the above conclusions, this paper draws some policy implications to promote the manufacturing industry to improve quality and efficiency, save energy and reduce emissions, and realize the high-quality, intensive and sustainable development of Chinese manufacturing industry.

导出引用

杨浩昌, 李廉水, 张发明. 制造业聚集对能源绩效的影响及区域比较研究[J]. 科研管理. 2021, 42(5): 102-115

Yang Haochang, Li Lianshui, Zhang Faming. The impact of manufacturing agglomeration on energy performance and its regional comparison[J]. Science Research Management. 2021, 42(5): 102-115

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基金

江西省高校人文社会科学研究青年基金项目：“产业集聚对江西区域环境的影响与对策研究”（JJ18212，2018.10—2020.12）；国家自然科学基金项目：“基于‘互联网+’的中国制造业转型升级研究”（71673145，2017.01—2020.12）；国家社会科学基金重大项目：“新时代绿色发展绩效评估与美丽中国建设道路研究”（18ZDA047，2018.11—2023.11）；教育部哲学社会科学发展报告项目：“中国制造业发展研究报告”（13JBG004，2013.11—2016.11）。