基于边界组织的科技成果转化机构分类体系研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科技成果转化机构是推动跨边界的科技成果转化活动的有效载体，研究科技成果转化机构分类体系，有利于发现并改进共性问题，促进机构高效运转。目前对科技成果转化机构分类的研究数量众多，但分类方式过于分散、且分类方式的理论支撑不足。边界组织是一种作用于跨边界活动的优秀组织范式，可以认为科技成果转化机构是服务于科学与市场界域之间的边界组织。在边界组织理论的基础上，系统的构建了科技成果转化机构的分类体系，按象限划分方法将科技成果转化机构分为科学边界模式、市场边界模式、边界间模式，并建立了科技成果转化机构社会贡献、交互、专业化三个维度的分析框架。利用多案例分析的方式，丰富分类体系的内涵，总结了不同模式的优劣，针对性地提出了每种模式的改进策略，为科技成果转化机构的理论延伸与实践探索提供有益参考。

关键词: 科技成果转化机构, 模式, 边界组织, 分类体系

Abstract: The purpose of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is to realize the value of scientific and technological achievements. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements is a process in which knowledge and technology become wealth. Research on the classification system of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization is conducive to discover and improve common problems and promote the efficient operation of organization.In recent years, in order to systematically optimize the scientific and technological achievements transformation organization and improve their operational efficiency, many scholars have studied the classification of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization. The existing research has provided useful reference for exploring the classification methods of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization, but there are still some problems: first, the classification methods are too scattered, most of the classification methods are divided into more than four categories, too many categories lead to the classification and exploration of common problems of different modes, and are not conducive to improving common problems and obtaining targeted policy support; second, there is no classification system strong theoretical support, most scholars are based on practical cases to explore the scientific and technological achievements transformation organization, which is not conducive to the construction and improvement of the theoretical system of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization.In order to make up for the limitations of the existing research, this paper aims to build a new classification system of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization based on the new perspective of boundary organization and theoretical research, and then carries out case analysis to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the classification system, and puts forward improvement strategies for each mode.The boundary usually refers to the geographical boundary. The boundary in the knowledge society and academic research usually refers to the abstract barriers caused by the differences between different social boundaries. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements is an obvious cross-border activity, which crosses the scientific and market boundaries. In the process of transformation, there is a common consideration of multiple interests, including not only the interests of both sides of the border, but also the interests of boundary organizations and their own interests. Boundary organization is an effective means to solve cross boundary problems. Boundary organization exists between two different social boundaries. Through the interaction between itself and both sides of the boundary, the boundary becomes fuzzy and integrated. Based on the new perspective of boundary organization, combined with the boundary characteristics in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and according to the positioning of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization in the scientific and market fields, a new classification system of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization is constructed according to quadrant division, which can be divided into three types: the office mode of achievements transformation close to the scientific boundary and the resource integration close to the market boundary. It is a service-oriented intermediary mode, which is in the middle of the boundary.According to the traditional theory of boundary organization, there are five distinct characteristics of boundary organization: public welfare, professionalism, neutrality, stability and integration. At the same time, as a special organization type, scientific and technological achievements transformation organization has the following characteristics: first, it brings certain social and public benefits. Second, participate in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements through interaction with both sides. Third, provide professional services. Therefore, based on the definition of boundary organization characteristics in boundary organization theory, combined with the characteristics of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization, the two theories are deeply classified and integrated, and the analysis perspective of social contribution attribute, interactive attribute and professional attribute of scientific and technological achievements transformation institution is established, which is taken as the theoretical framework of case analysis.Finally, this paper shows the research conclusions of three typical cases, and finds that: the scientific boundary model has strong social contribution, poor interaction and poor specialization; the market boundary model has poor social contribution, general interaction and strong specialization; the boundary model is relatively balanced in terms of social contribution, interaction and specialization, There are no obvious advantages and disadvantages. The optimization strategies are proposed for the three modes.The main contributions and enlightenment of this paper are: (1) theoretical contribution and enlightenment. The first is to expand the scope of application of the boundary organization theory, taking the boundary organization as the theoretical basis of the research on the classification system of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization; the second is to expand the research field of the classification of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization, and systematically construct a new classification system of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization by the scientific method of quadrant division. (2) Practical contribution and enlightenment. The first is to integrate the scientific and technological achievements transformation organization with the boundary organization theory, and construct a case analysis framework of three dimensions: social contribution attribute, interaction attribute and specialization attribute; the second is that the case selection is typical and novel and unique, and the case content rarely appears in previous studies; the third is to summarize the case analysis results and find out the advantages and disadvantages of different models and put forward the improvement strategy of each mode. In order to improve the theoretical system of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization, and better improve the existing problems of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization, provide useful reference.

Key words: scientific and technological achievements transformation organization, mode, boundary organization, classification system

许可, 肖冰. 基于边界组织的科技成果转化机构分类体系研究[J]. 科研管理, 2021, 42(4): 113-122.

Xu Ke, Xiao Bing. A research on the classification system of scientific and technological achievements transformation organization based on the boundary organization[J]. Science Research Management, 2021, 42(4): 113-122.

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