政府环保支出、绿色技术创新与雾霾污染

李子豪; 白婷婷

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科研管理 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2) : 52-63.

论文

政府环保支出、绿色技术创新与雾霾污染

李子豪，白婷婷

作者信息 +

Government environmental protection expenditure, green technology innovation and smog pollution

Li Zihao, Bai Tingting

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

雾霾治理作为污染治理攻坚战的“重中之重”，通过加大政府环保支出、提升绿色技术创新有效进行雾霾污染治理，是当前学界关注的重要问题。在对政府环保支出、绿色技术创新和雾霾污染作用机制进行系统梳理，提出相应研究假说的基础上，利用2008—2016年中国216个或104个城市的研究数据，采用面板空间联立方程、动态面板门槛等估计方法，本文较为系统的考察了地方政府环保支出、绿色技术创新对雾霾污染的影响效应。研究发现：本地和邻地政府环保支出均能直接减轻本地雾霾污染，本地政府环保支出还能通过刺激绿色技术创新而间接减轻本地雾霾污染，但邻地政府环保支出的间接治霾效果不显著。此外，政府环保支出对雾霾的治理效果存在门槛效应：当地区绿色技术创新水平较高时，政府环保支出对雾霾污染的抑制作用十分显著；反之则反是。时段比较发现，生态文明建设纳入地方官员政绩考核体系后，政府环保支出的治霾效果显著提升；地区比较发现，除了当地政府环保支出治霾效果面临技术约束外，重点区域政府环保支出对雾霾污染的抑制作用更加明显。

Abstract

Since the reform and opening up, China′s economy has achieved rapid growth, and the process of urbanization and industrialization has also brought serious ecological and environmental problems. The smog pollution problem represented by PM2.5 is particularly serious, which not only threatens people′s physical and mental health, but also hinders the sustainable development of the economy and society. As regional compound air pollution, smog pollution has the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, especially in key cities with relatively developed economies such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. In order to achieve green development, the government has increased environmental protection spending, but the smog pollution situation has not been effectively curbed. Green technology innovation, as an important means to achieve economic growth and environmental protection, also plays an important role in reducing smog pollution. In addition, government environmental protection expenditures can promote the development of green technology innovation from a regulatory and incentive perspective to improve smog pollution. Therefore, smog control is the top priority of the “tough battle of pollution control". By increasing government environmental protection expenditures and improving green technology innovation, the effective management of smog pollution is an important issue of current academic concern.

Based on the data of 216 or 104 cities in China from 2008 to 2016, this paper uses panel space simultaneous equation estimation, dynamic panel threshold methods to systematically investigate the impact of local government environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation on smog pollution. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Increased local government environmental protection expenditures in local and neighboring areas can directly reduce local smog pollution; increased local government environmental protection expenditures can also indirectly reduce local smog pollution by promoting the development of green technology innovation, but the indirect effects through environmental protection expenditures in neighboring governments is not obvious. (2) Local government environmental protection expenditure has a significant green technology innovation threshold effect on smog pollution: when the level of green technology innovation in the region is higher, the government′s environmental protection expenditure has a significant effect on the suppression of smog pollution; vice versa. (3) The extended analysis found that from the perspective of time, after the construction of ecological civilization was incorporated into the performance evaluation system, the local and neighboring governments′ environmental protection expenditures directly reduced the local smog pollution more effectively, and they could also effectively control the local smog pollution through indirect effects of green technology innovation. From a regional perspective, in key regions, the environmental protection expenditures of neighboring governments are more effective in mitigating local smog pollution. The local and neighboring governments′ environmental protection expenditures have a more significant effect on the suppression of smog pollution through indirect channels of green technology innovation. The resulting smog is difficult to control, and the local government′s environmental protection expenditures are not as effective in suppressing smog pollution as in non-key areas.

According to the research conclusion, the policy implications of this article are as follows: (1) Local governments should consider their own economic and technological development levels, formulate reasonable fiscal environmental protection expenditures, continuously optimize the government′s environmental protection investment structure, actively play the induced effects of fiscal environmental protection funds, promote the flow of social capital to the environmental protection field, support energy-saving environmental protection industry technology research and development, and achieve the transformation of smog end prevention to source prevention. (2) Local governments should gradually increase fiscal environmental protection expenditures, promote the development of green technology innovation, and improve the effectiveness of smog pollution prevention. In addition, a market-oriented green technology innovation system should be built to promote the promotion and application of green technology and green production. The government should focus on promoting traditional traditions through green technology innovation , improve the efficiency of fiscal environmental protection fund use and the marginal rate of return on environmental protection investment, and achieve green and low-carbon development. (3) The central government should remove the "GDP tight mantra", improve the local political performance evaluation system, give play to the guiding role of environmental protection in political performance evaluation, ease local governments′ sacrifice of environmental competition for growth. At the same time, local governments should comprehensively strengthen the inter-regional smog pollution control joint prevention and control mechanism, jointly plan, formulate and implement the smog pollution control plan, and break through the administrative boundary restrictions to form a regional smog prevention joint force. In addition, the governments should continue to deepen the exchange of green technology innovation between regions, build a bridge between regional technology transfer and cooperation, and achieve innovation-driven, win-win cooperation in green development.

导出引用

李子豪白婷婷. 政府环保支出、绿色技术创新与雾霾污染[J]. 科研管理. 2021, 42(2): 52-63

Li Zihao, Bai Tingting. Government environmental protection expenditure, green technology innovation and smog pollution[J]. Science Research Management. 2021, 42(2): 52-63

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基金

国家自然科学基金面上项目：“绿色制造视角下中国OFDI全球价值链嵌入的碳减排效应研究”(41871215，2019.01—2022.12)；河南省科技厅软科学项目：“企业绿色技术创新推动河南雾霾污染治理研究”（202400410061，2020.01—2021.06）；河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划：“环保公众参与提升地方政府环境治理能力研究”(2019-cx-023，2019.01—2021.09)；河南财经政法大学信和·黄廷方青年学者计划 (2019.01—2021.12)；河南省教育厅人文社科项目：“反腐败提升河南地方政府环境治理研究”（2018-ZZJH-014，2018.01—2021.06）。