科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 100-111.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

制度同构下的国际合资对企业创新绩效的影响

吴崇，薄思怡，黄彩虹   

  1. 南京信息工程大学 商学院，江苏 南京210044
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-10 修回日期:2019-07-09 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 吴崇
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社科规划基金：“GIN视角下中国企业海外子公司组织模式设计与对策研究”（19YJA630085，2019.02—2021.12）；江苏省社科基金面上项目：“GIN视角下江苏省制造业研发国际化的微观层次研究”（18GLB025，2018.09 —2020.12）。

The influence of joint ventures under institutional isomorphism on enterprises innovation performance#br#

Wu Chong, Bo Siyi, Huang Caihong   

  1. School of Business, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2018-10-10 Revised:2019-07-09 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-02-23

摘要： 以2003—2015年对外直接投资（OFDI）的制造业上市公司为样本，在界定制度同构理论的相关概念与内涵的基础上，把东道国制度同构焦点划分为零同构、单方同构与双元同构三类，利用嵌套回归与中介效应等模型，检验三类同构焦点下的国际合资选择对企业创新绩效的影响。研究表明：（1）国有控股、较低的有形资产专用性、较多的国际化经验增加了企业以东道国制度零同构下的国际合资进入当地市场的可能性；（2）经济运行风险、投资法制风险增加了企业以东道国制度单方同构下的国际合资进入当地市场的可能性；（3）东道国制度单方同构下的国际合资对企业创新绩效产生了显著的负向影响，这种现象在企业核心业务能力较弱以及东道国经济发展水平较低的情况下尤为显著。本文的研究结论对新兴经济体后发企业OFDI战略选择的优化及其发挥创新协同作用有重要的启发。

关键词: 对外直接投资, 制度同构, 同构焦点, 国际合资, 创新绩效

Abstract:

With the rising of anti-globalization and economic nationalism, the institutional environment of the host country is changing unfavorably for Chinese enterprises. Joint ventures (JVs) under the pressure of local legitimacy have gradually become an important strategic choice for Chinese enterprises, which affects the innovation performance of parent companies after reversely transferring knowledge through their overseas business. Thus, the guiding significance of institutional isomorphism theory with the core concept of "legitimacy" stands out in the international business practice.
   Therefore, the research on the relationship between OFDI strategic choice and enterprise innovation under institutional isomorphic framework is conducive to understanding the strategic behavior and international development of Chinese enterprises. However, although the institutional isomorphism theory can better explain the mechanism of organizational behavior′s isomorphism under a single institutional environment, but it cannot fully explain the isomorphic behavior of MNCs facing dual institutional logic between group and host country, so institutional isomorphism theory needs to be further developed in the field of international business. Recently developed isomorphism focus theory comes into being. It points out that MNCs can design their organizational structure and behavior under different isomorphic focus in multiple institutional environments in order to achieve sustainable competitiveness. 
    From a new perspective of isomorphism focus, this paper takes JVs as the typical representative of MNCs′ structure and behavior isomorphism, and studies the external conditions and influence paths of JVs choice under host country isomorphism on enterprises′ innovation performance. In view of this, this paper takes the OFDI listed companies in Chinese manufacturing industry as samples, divides the isomorphic focus of entry mode into three categories: zero isomorphism, unilateral isomorphism and dual isomorphism, and tests empirically the relationship between JVs choice under three kinds of isomorphism focus and enterprise′s innovation performance, and further examines the heterogeneous influence of organizational capacity and host country environment. The empirical analysis finds out that with the rising of the pressure on the legitimacy of Chinese enterprises′ entry modes, the possibility of JVs choice under host country unilateral isomorphism has increased. However, these "sub-optimal" choices which ignore the constraints of cross-cultural management and cooperative innovation capabilities, have a staged inhibiting effect on their innovation performance, especially in the case of insufficient core business capabilities of the enterprises and low economic level of host countries. Moreover， JVs choice under dual isomorphism which nature mature MNCs in developed countries are good at is difficult to bring "immediate" innovation promotion to Chinese enterprises at this stage. 
    The research conclusions have important implications for the optimization of OFDI strategy choice and its synergy effect of innovation for emerging economies′ latecomers. Firstly, based on the conflict or balance from the dual institutional logic between group and host country, Chinese enterprises need to evaluate accurately the current situation of their international capabilities, and to enhance the high-level international capabilities of cross-cultural management, cooperative innovation, balancing between innovation exploration and market development, and the dynamic international capability of adjusting flexibly their entry mode under environment changes. 
   Secondly, Chinese enterprises need to avoid the inhibiting effect of JVs choice under host country unilateral isomorphism on enterprise innovation, especially under the condition of the insufficient core business capabilities of enterprises and the low economic level of host country. In the future, with the increasing of Chinese enterprises′ international capacity and the legitimacy pressure of the host country, JVs choice under dual isomorphism is more likely to happen. It can be predicted that with the substantial development of international capacities of Chinese enterprises, such optimal strategic choice will be further motivated. 
     Finally, Chinese enterprises should take full advantage of the innovative synergy effect of core business capabilities and host country environment. On the one hand, Chinese enterprises need to further strengthen the "refocusing" in the core business field, in order to form comparative advantages of the status and structure in the JVs process. On the other hand, Chinese enterprises should make full use of the advantages of innovative resources and institutional environment in developed economies to accelerate cooperative innovation in JVs.

Key words: OFDI, institutional isomorphism, isomorphism focus, joint venture, innovation performance