面向开源设计演化过程的关键影响因素综述

科研管理 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 13-22.

面向开源设计演化过程的关键影响因素综述

李英姿¹,张硕²,张晓冬¹

1.北京科技大学经济管理学院, 北京100083;
2.华北电力大学经济与管理学院, 北京102206

收稿日期:2017-08-28 修回日期:2018-07-04 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-19
通讯作者: 张硕
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（71601078, 2017—2019;71871018，2019—2022）；北京市社会科学基金（18GLC061, 2018—2021）；教育部人文社科基金（16YJC630060，2016—2019）。

A review of key impacting factors in the evolution process of open source design

Li Yingzi¹, Zhang Shuo², Zhang Xiaodong¹

1. School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China;
2. School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2017-08-28 Revised:2018-07-04 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-19
Supported by:

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 开源成为近年来发展较快的设计与创新模式，它在产品的创意转化、技术转化、市场导向、创新程度等方面具有显著的低成本和高客户满意度的优势。寻找关键影响因素对提高开源设计的效率和成功率有着积极的推动意义。首先，运用扎根理论文献综述的方法对相关领域的文献进行筛选和整理；其次，基于Crowston的开源软件进化过程模型，本文从输入要素和过程要素两大方面分析了影响开源设计成功的相关因素，主要包括：人员动机与行为、产品模块化的特点、项目许可的约束程度、社区规模与结构、知识共享的机制以及企业支持等。最后，根据上述分析，总结了开源设计演化过程中的两阶段影响因素，进而提出“两个持续”的目标对应两个阶段：在Pre-阶段成员的持续加入和在Post-阶段成员的持续创新，是开源设计成功的关键。

关键词: 开源设计, 演化过程, 影响因素, 综述

Abstract:

Open source is developing rapidly as a mode of design and innovation in recent years. It has remarkable advantages in creative transformation of product, technical transformation, market orientation, and innovation with low cost and high customer satisfaction. In addition, open source design depends on the Internet to promote various kinds of resources agglomeration, open and sharing, enterprises can obtain more intellectual resources to improve innovation efficiency. Thus, enterprises are paying more and more attention to this type of innovation model and trying to exert more influence in the open source community. However, instability of members in the open source community make the process complex, dynamic, and uncertain. Therefore, it is important to recognize influence factors in open source design process, which can improve the design efficiency and success rate. In this paper, we have built a review framework according to OSS (open source software) evolution process model of Crowston to study on the impact factors.

Firstly, based on Grounded theory literature review, there are 5 steps including definition, searching, selection, analysis and proposal. In this paper, we have selected references with main key words "open source" and other subordinate key words such as user motivation, license, network size, network structure, cooperation mechanism, enterprise sponsorship and so on.

Secondly, in light of the OSS evolution process model, impact factors of "input" phase and "process" phase are emphasized in this paper. We can find participants′ motivation is the core factors impacting on their continuous innovation, because motivation will impact on "behaviors"; The number of product modularization or difficulty and license restrictiveness influence the process at different phases; It is worth noting that the number of participants in open source community is not "the bigger, the better", because though more members will bring more ides or innovation resources, the coordination is more complex; In most researches, core members make most contribution in the open source community, but active members will bring vitality into community; It is worth noting that the number of free-riders is big and they never make contribution in the community; Thus, enterprises should set more reasonable and attractive strategies to make more members joining the community and keep the enthusiasm of participants for continuous innovation.

Lastly, based on the above analysis, we can find that the participant is the key factor of the open source design. However, in this process, participant is free and autonomous. They can take part in the community or select task modules freely, and they also can exit any time. Thus, we have summarized the impact factors according to participant′s behavior (join the community): Pre-stage (before) and Post-stage (after), and proposed "two-continuous" to reflect characteristics of two stages respectively. In Pre-stage, participants continue to join the community and make continuous innovation or contribution in Post-stage, which are the key elements of the success in open source design process.

Our study has reviewed the impact factors on open source design process, and we try to provide new ideas for enterprises to make better use of this innovation mode: obtain more innovation resources, improve innovation efficiency and deal with the relationship between enterprises and open source community.

Key words: open source design, evolution process, influence factor, review

中图分类号:

李英姿张硕张晓冬. 面向开源设计演化过程的关键影响因素综述[J]. 科研管理, 2020, 41(8): 13-22.

Li Yingzi, Zhang Shuo, Zhang Xiaodong. A review of key impacting factors in the evolution process of open source design[J]. Science Research Management, 2020, 41(8): 13-22.

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