基于科技服务组织在“科技活动”与“产业活动”中的介入程度，通过多案例研究归纳了四种组织类型并总结了相对应的支撑能力组合。得出以下研究发现：一是基于科技服务组织与创新链上不同主体共生程度的差异的分类视角，把科技服务组织分为前向共生型、后向共生型、双向共生型及平台搭建型组织；二是总结了不同类型科技服务组织所需的主导和辅助支撑能力组合，其中主导支撑能力分别为“知识协同能力”、“产业共生能力”、“全面协同能力”以及“信息聚合能力”；三是在开放经济背景下，所有类型的科技服务组织都需要高度重视“国际联接能力”。
In recent years, along with the blowout development of technological service organizations, their service quality and capabilities have been greatly improved, but there still have some problems, such as low levels of specialization, fewer high-end service formats, and weak service capabilities. The existing literature and facts show that our science and technology service organizations are not sufficiently coordinated with "scientific and technological activities" and "industrial activities" to provide effective services for the transfer and transformation of innovation, and their support for industrial economic development is limited.
This paper selects 8 science and technology service organizations as typical cases, analyzes and summarizes four different industrial symbiosis types of science and technology service organizations using multi-case research methods, and finds out the matching support capacity combination for different types of organizations.
The main findings of this research are as follows: ① Based on the theory of synergy and symbiosis, the paper enriches the classification of science and technology service organizations in the existing literature. According to the degree of involvement of science and technology service organizations in the "science and technology activities" and "industrial activities" in the innovation chain, this paper constructs a classification matrix of science and technology service organizations, and summarizes science and technology service organizations into four types: forward symbiotic organization, backward symbiotic organization, bidirectional symbiotic organization and platform building organization.② The paper has identified the combination of supporting capabilities in the service process of different types of technology service organizations. Forward symbiosis and backward symbiosis service organizations need to be led by knowledge collaboration and industrial symbiosis capabilities, respectively, supplemented by intra-industry coupling and international connectivity capabilities; the two-way symbiotic service organizations need to be led by comprehensive synergy, supplemented by international connection capabilities; platform-built service organizations need to pay attention to the improvement of their information aggregation capabilities. It should be pointed that under the current rapid development of the open economy, in order to promote the ability of science and technology service organizations, we should attach great importance to the "international connection ability" and give full play to the "cross-border knowledge search" and "cross-border utilization of knowledge".
