关键词: 军民融合, 程度, 评价, 优化对策

Abstract: Civil-military integration is the process of combining the foundation of national defense science, technology and industry with the larger foundation of civil science, technology and industry to form a unified foundation of national science, technology and industry, that is, on the basis of integration, national defense industry and civil industry adopt common technologies, processes, labor, equipment, materials and facilities to meet the two needs of national defense and civil industry. The degree of civil-military integration is the quantity of the state level of the integration and development of military and civil systems of a specific object, field or region in a certain period of time under certain technical and economic conditions. At present, the level of civil-military integration in China is about 30%. The civil-military integration is moving forward from the initial stage of development to the middle stage, and from the initial stage of integration to the deep stage. The construction of “military to civilian” and “civilian to military” is deepening day by day, and the level of civil-military resource sharing is also gradually improving. The degree of civil-military integration has become an important indicator to measure the quality of the development of civil-military integration. The evaluation of the degree of civil-military integration and the optimization measures can provide strong support for the construction of a national leading, demand driven, market operation, and the operation system of deep civil-military integration, and promote the upgrading of China′s military industry. It can also provide scientific reference for activating the stock assets, attracting various channels of resources into the security field, promoting innovation, and accelerating the upgrading of weapons and equipment.Scholars have preliminary discussion on the degree of civil-military integration. Based on the literature search, it is found that the existing researches on the importance of the degree of civil-military integration are not enough. Most of them only focus on the independent individual attributes of civil-military integration, rarely study the connotation and essence of civil-military integration from the perspective of organic system, and most of the existing researches are based on the macro data of civil-military integration, but rarely on the micro- and meso- perspectives. In addition, the existing researches on improving the degree of civil-military integration mainly focus on the government orientation, but ignore the market mechanism. Civil-military integration is not a simple superposition of independent elements in the military and civilian system, but a comprehensive, multi-domain and high-efficiency organic penetration of two major plates separated from each other, similar to the chemical effect. Based on this, this paper defines the degree of civil-military integration as a “two in one” integrated system composed of the breadth and depth of civil-military integration. The wider the scope and the deeper the level of civil-military integration, the higher the degree of civil-military integration.The scope of civil-military integration is the degree of horizontal integration of civil-military integration. In essence, the horizontal integration of civil-military integration refers to the mutually integrated organization and various systems established between military economy and civil economy, military enterprises and civil enterprises according to the universality of production factors (land, capital, labor, technology and information) and the internal system of economic operation. The horizontal integration of civil-military integration can be divided into three aspects: product, standard and regulation of civil-military integration. In essence, the vertical integration of civil-military integration refers to the strategy of military and civil enterprises penetrating into R & D, experiment, production and service. The deepening of vertical integration of civil-military integration can effectively promote the development of specialization and industrialization of civil-military integration.From the perspective of dimension,civil-military integration can be divided into three dimensions: micro-, meso- and macro civil-military integration. Among them, micro civil-military integration is based on the individual of national defense industry and civil industry, and its main body is composed of micro elements such as enterprises, colleges and universities, scientific research institutes and intermediary service agencies. Meso civil-military integration is based on national defense industry and civil industry as a whole, which is mainly composed of military and civil fields, regions and other meso-elements. Macro civil-military integration is based on national defense industry and civil industry system, which is mainly composed of macro elements such as system (policies, laws and regulations) and environment (politics, economy and culture). The range of micro-, meso- and macro-civil-military integration are \[0,1\].The research of this paper has certain guiding significance for the practice of civil-military integration. At the macro national level, efforts should be made to improve policies and regulations, promote the introduction and implementation of various tax relief, expense deduction, accelerated depreciation and other policies, and improve the financial, facility and technical guarantee mechanism of civil-military integration. At the meso industrial level, we should establish the information communication channel of civil-military integration industry, eliminate the integration barriers, develop dual-use technology, and realize the sharing of science and technology. At the same time, we should actively build the civil-military integration industry cluster and economic circle, form the civil-military integration industry alliance through resource agglomeration, and realize the sharing of achievements. At the micro enterprise level, military and civil enterprises should rely on intelligent production and service network to build enterprise innovation platform and realize product integration.Although this paper researches the evaluation of the degree of civil-military integration and its optimization measures, how to effectively improve the degree of civil-military integration to steadily promote the development of civil-military integration still needs to be summarized in practice. In addition, civil-military integration is in the process of continuous evolution and upgrading. Therefore, the degree of civil-military integration will change with the further development of civil-military integration. How to manage and track the degree of civil-military integration, and how to optimize the allocation of civil-military integration resources in a timely and reasonable manner need to be further improved.

Key words: civil-military integration, degree, evaluation, optimization measure