关键词: 技术创新, 非专利引文分析, Tobit回归分析, 动力电池

Abstract:

In the field of technological innovation, the relationship between basic research and technological innovation has been the topic of focus by scholars. Since the start of the scholars represented by Narin based on patents and papers to explore the relationship between basic research and technological innovation, many scholars have proved this method is scientific and feasible, and there are a lot of scholars to follow, also taking patents and papers to explore the relationship between basic research and technological innovation in different industries. While existing literature studying the influence of basic research on technological innovation with the help of patents and their citations mostly make a simple descriptive analysis through indexes such as scientific correlation degree, citation delay and so on, which lacks the discussion of patent value and makes it difficult to systematically explain the mechanism of basic research on technological innovation. In addition, when studying the relationship between basic research and technological innovation, existingliterature mostly choose biology, chemistry, general energy and other fields as research objects, and pay insufficient attention to the most important emerging field of power battery. In different technical fields, the influence mechanism of basic research on technological innovation is obviously different. The existing theories and a few literature using the power battery patent to explore the law of technology innovation cannot explain the basic research of power battery and the in-depth mechanism of technology innovation. So this paper selects power battery as the research object to explore the basic research’s influence mechanism on technological innovation, on the one hand, enrich the existing theory of relationship between basic research and technological innovation, on the other hand made clear global power battery basic research’s influence mechanism on technological innovation, speed up the transformation of global power battery innovation achievements, promote the development of power battery industry.. Based on the patent database of Derwent Innovation Index (DII), a total of 13,853 DPCI (Derwent Patents Citation Index, DPCI) Patents of fuel cell, 6,026 DPCI Patents of lithium battery,459 DPCI Patents of Ni-MH battery, and a total of 20,338 Patents have been obtained. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and multi-collinearity test of data were completed by STATA15.0 .Tobit regression analysis is used to explore the mechanism of basic research's role in technological innovation.After the Tobit regression analysis of full sample and sub-sample, the results show that :(1) on the whole, power battery basic research has a significant role in promoting technological innovation. Studies in different technical fields have found that fuel cell and lithium battery basic research have a significant role in promoting technological innovation, while Ni-MH battery does not. (2) on the whole, the promotion effect of power battery basic research on technological innovation does not change significantly with time. Studies in different technical fields have found that the promotion effect of lithium battery basic research on technological innovation changes significantly with time, and the promotion degree decreases year by year, while fuel cell and Ni-MH battery are not significant. According to the theory of technology life cycle, the analysis found that, based on carrying three kinds of power battery production models of time to determine its technology development phase, from 1995 to 2014, the amount of Ni-MH power battery technology is in the middle and later periods of the life cycle of (Toyota has launched the first generation of Prius in 1997), lithium power battery technology through the development of later period before leaders (electric cars BYD and Tesla were around 2010 launch production models), fuel power battery technology in the initial stage (Toyota to release in 2014 the world's first production fuel cell car Mirai). At the same time, combined with the Tobit regression analysis results, we found that in the field of power batteries, the promotion effect of basic research on technological innovation is strongest in the early stage of technological development, then gradually decreases, and lowest in the later stage of technological development.To summarize, this paper enriches the existing research on the interaction between basic research and technological innovation and is of guiding significance to the cooperation between industry, university and research institute of power battery and the government's formulation of innovative development policies for the power battery industry.To be specific, first, for enterprises, power battery enterprises should attach importance to investment in basic research, and learning knowledge from the scientific source is conducive to improving technological innovation ability. For example, in order to acquire scientific knowledge, enterprises can, on the one hand, increase investment in basic research and development to generate scientific knowledge internally; on the other hand, enterprises can obtain scientific knowledge externally through project cooperation with universities and colleges, so as to facilitate the output of high-quality technological innovation achievements. As fuel cell technology is still in the early stage of development compared with lithium battery and Ni-MH battery, fuel cell enterprises need to pay more attention to basic research. They can increase their investment in basic research and development or cooperate with universities to avoid the shortcomings of basic theory in technology research and development.Second, for the government, when supporting the development of the power battery industry, the government should formulate targeted support policies according to different periods of technological development. Technology faces different problems and needs different policy support in different periods of development. Targeted policies by the government can effectively prevent the waste of resources and effectively promote the development of technology. For fuel cells in the early stage of development, government should focus on supporting basic research, and resources should be more concentrated in universities and research institutions to promote breakthroughs in basic theories and promote technological innovation from the source. For the lithium battery in the middle and late stage, more policies should be made to promote the industrialization of technology, including strengthening the industry-university-research cooperation to promote the industrialization of technology application, the establishment of lithium battery vehicle test run park and so on; For Ni-MH batteries in the late stage of development with uncertain prospects, resource skew can be reduced appropriately.

Key words: technological innovation, non-patent citation analysis, Tobit regression analysis, power battery