科研管理

科研管理 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 34-43.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国战略性新兴产业供给侧创新效率研究

闫俊周1，2,杨祎3   

  1. 1郑州航空工业管理学院 商学院，河南 郑州450015；
    2航空经济发展河南省协同创新中心，河南 郑州450015；
    3西安理工大学 经济与管理学院，陕西 西安710048
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-26 修回日期:2018-08-28 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-23
  • 通讯作者: 闫俊周
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目：“推进战略性新兴产业供给侧创新的机制与政策研究”（16BJY089）。

A research on the supply-side innovation efficiency of China's strategic emerging industries

Yan Junzhou 1，2， Yang Yi3   

  1. 1. Business School, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450015, Henan, China；
    2. Cooperation Innovation Center for Aviation Economy Development, Zhengzhou 450015, Henan, China;
    3. School of Economics and Management, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2017-12-26 Revised:2018-08-28 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-23

摘要： 基于沪深A股296家战略性新兴产业上市公司的数据，运用BCC模型、超效率模型和回归模型对2013-2015年中国战略性新兴产业供给侧创新效率进行了评价和投入产出改进分析。结果表明：中国战略性新兴产业供给侧创新总效率、纯技术效率呈缓慢增长趋势，但整体水平较低，规模效率整体水平较高，但呈缓慢下降趋势；按产业分类来看，在供给侧创新总效率和纯技术效率方面，新一代信息技术、新材料、新能源、节能环保、数字创意产业呈上升趋势，生物、新能源汽车产业呈倒V型结构，高端装备制造产业呈V型结构，各产业规模效率较高，但创新总效率差异较大；政府补贴、全时研发人员人数投入冗余率较高，当年专利授予数量、市场需求增长率产出不足率较高，政府补贴、研发投入强度、全时研发人员人数对战略性新兴产业创新产出具有显著的正向影响。

关键词: 战略性新兴产业, 供给侧创新, 创新效率, 投入产出改进

Abstract: Strategic emerging industries are the key areas for China to cultivate and develop new momentum and gain new competitive advantages in the future under new normal. They are also important breakthroughs for China to implement innovation-driven strategy and promote supply-side reform. In the process of supply-side reform and innovation of China's strategic emerging industries, the key is the integration of supply-side innovation factor resources, and the core goal is to improve innovation efficiency. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate the innovation efficiency of strategic emerging industries is highly concerned by academics and government departments. Especially in the context of China's supply-side reform, what is the supply-side innovation efficiency and changing trend of China's strategic emerging industries? Does the innovation input bring about the corresponding output? How to further improve innovation inputs and outputs? The answers to the above questions are of great theoretical value and practical significance for insisting on the problem-oriented in the new era, improving the quality and efficiency of China's strategic emerging industries supply-side innovation, and promoting high-quality economic development.Based on the data of 296 listed companies of strategic emerging industries in China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2013 to 2015, this paper selects government subsidies, the number of full-time R&D personnel, the intensity of R&D investment, the number of patents available in the current year, the number of patents applied in the current year as indicators of innovation input, and selects market demand growth rate, the number of patents granted in the current year, accounting performance, and market performance as indicators of innovation output. This paper evaluates and analyzes the supply-side innovation efficiency of China's strategic emerging industries using BCC model and super-efficiency model of the DEA method. And this paper makes the input-output improvement analysis of the supply-side innovation efficiency of China's strategic emerging industries using the regression model.The results show that: (1)The average of supply-side innovation total efficiency of China's strategic emerging industries is 0.638 in the sample period, and its overall level is not high but it shows an increasing trend. The average of pure technical efficiency of China's strategic emerging industries is 0.665 in the sample period, and its overall level is lower but trend of slow growth is maintained. The average of the scale efficiency of China's strategic emerging industries is 0.961 in the sample period, and its overall level is higher and its fluctuation range is smaller. It can be seen that the total efficiency of supply-side innovation in China's strategic emerging industries is mainly constrained by the low pure technical efficiency; (2) According to industry classification, in terms of the total efficiency and pure technical efficiency on the China's strategic emerging industries supply-side innovation, the new generations of information technology, new materials, new energy, energy conservation and environmental protection, and digital creativity are on the rise, the bioindustry and new-energy automotive industry are inverted V-shaped structures, the high-end equipment manufacturing industry is V-shaped. Scale efficiency of each industry is relatively high, but the supply-side innovation total efficiency among different industries is quite different; (3) The government subsidies and the number of full-time R&D personnel have a higher input redundancy rate. The number of patents granted in the current year and market demand growth rate has a higher output deficiency rate. Government subsidies are significantly positively correlated with market demand growth rate, the number of patents granted in the current year, and accounting performance. The number of full-time R&D personnel is significantly positively correlated with each of the innovation output indicators. The intensity of R&D investment is significantly positively correlated with market demand growth rate and the number of patents granted in the current year, but it is significantly negatively correlated with accounting performance and market performance. The number of patents applied in the current year is significantly negatively correlated with market demand growth rate, accounting performance and market performance. In general, government subsidies, the intensity of R&D investment and the number of full-time R&D personnel have a significant positive impact on the supply-side innovation output of China's strategic emerging industries.According to the above analysis, the policy implications of this paper are as follows: (1) China's strategic emerging industries should focus on the improvement of pure technology efficiency and supply-side innovation total efficiency, and review improving total factor productivity as the core, strengthen enterprise innovation investment guarantee mechanism, establish enterprise R&D risk compensation mechanism, improve inter-enterprise cooperation and innovation mechanism, build industrial innovation system, enhance innovation capability, and achieve high-quality development of China's strategic emerging industries; (2) Implement separate support policies, and make special support policies formulate for different strategic emerging industries to improve their innovation efficiency by classification optimization; (3) The government should strengthen the innovation management of government subsidies, moderately control the amount of subsidies and introduce a benigncompetition mechanism. Enterprises should improve the using quality and efficiency of government subsidies, strengthen incentives and management of R&D personnel, and enhance innovation efficiency. (4) Improve China's strategic emerging industries innovation policies, increase government subsidies and policy support, allocate innovation resources reviewing enterprise as a core, highlight the main position of enterprise technology innovation, guide and encourage enterprises to increase R&D funds and personnel input, strengthen supply-side innovation management, and improve the quality and efficiency of China's strategic emerging industries supply-side innovation.

Key words: strategic emerging industries, supply-side innovation, innovation efficiency, input-output improvement