成功实施创新创业战略的后发地区究竟是采取了什么样的发展模式？模式的选择受到什么要素的影响及优化的方式是什么？既往的研究还未做出较为深刻地解释与回答。本研究基于南昌、郑州与贵阳创新创业发展案例的数据进行探索性研究，总结归纳了中国后发地区推进创新创业的发展模式及优化的内在规律。理论发展模式表明：后发地区推进双创的基础在于识别区域发展的潜在优势，潜在后发优势的发挥需要通过优化人力、资金、载体、技术、制度与文化要素来实现。推进后发地区双创发展要通过制定和完善相应的政策体系来引导要素的定向配置；构建实体平台或互联网虚拟平台实现要素的空间集聚；营造双创文化来提升要素的内在动力。相较于现有的侧重于先发地区创新创业的理论与实践，基于后发地区双创模式分析能够从宏观层面打开双创模式选择的“黑箱”。

What kind of development models on earth have been taken in the less developed areas which have successfully gone through innovation and entrepreneurship strategy? What is the way in which the choices of the models are influenced and the way it is optimized? However, previous studies have not yet made a more profound explanation and answer. Based on the respective models and data of innovation and entrepreneurship development in Nanchang, Zhengzhou and Guiyang, this study summarizes the development patterns and optimization of the implementing of innovation and entrepreneurship in China. The theoretical development model shows that the foundation of improving innovation and entrepreneurship in less developed areas is to identify the potential advantages of regional development. The potential advantage in less developed areas is achieved by optimizing the human power, capital, carrier, technology, system and cultural elements. To promote the development of innovation and entrepreneurship in less developed areas, the corresponding policy system need to be established and improved to guide the allocation of the factors and resources. In the meanwhile, physical platform and Internet virtual platform also need to be built to bring spatial agglomeration. Also importantly, the cultural atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship will enhance the intrinsic motivation of the factors. Compared with the existing theory and practice, which focuses on the developed areas, the analysis based on models in less developed areas can macroscopically bring light on the "black box" of the model selection of innovation and entrepreneurship.