市场势力是影响企业技术创新的重要因素，来自不同国家样本的实证检验得到了丰富而多样的经验证据，但学者们普遍忽视了一个重要问题，即市场势力在企业和行业层面具有的不同内涵，以及二者对企业技术创新行为的差异性影响。本文创新性地从微观和中观两个层面，将市场势力分为个体企业拥有的加价能力和表征市场竞争情况的行业结构，从理论上阐述了加价能力与行业结构影响企业研发投资的机制，进而构建双层线性模型处理行业和企业的双层结构数据，以中国制造业二位码行业和微观企业数据为样本进行了实证检验，结果表明：勒纳指数对企业研发投资的影响显著为负，说明加价能力越强创新投入反而越低，并不存在预期的熊彼特效应；对于有研发企业而言，行业结构通过勒纳指数发挥间接作用，市场集中度的降低有利于削弱勒纳指数对企业研发投资的抑制作用，产生逃离竞争效应，而此种效应在大中型企业中更为突出，对于行业中的小型企业而言，市场竞争并不能起到激励研发投资的效果。

Market power is an important factor influencing firms’ technological innovation. The samples of different countries have provided rich and diverse empirical evidence. However, one important point has been neglected that market power has different implications in firm and industry level. And market power from both the firm and industry level will influence firms’ R&D innovation behavior. In this paper, market power is firstly separated into the markup power of each firm and market structure representing market competition. Then, the mechanism of markup power and market structure influencing firms’ R&D investment is explained. Based on hierarchical linear model and data of Chinese manufacturing firms, the empirical tests show that lerner index has a significant and negative effect on firms’ R&D investment, indicating that R&D investment will decrease with the increase of markup power. There is no Schumpeterian effect in Chinese manufacturing firms. As to the firms undertaking R&D activities, market structure has an indirect effect on firms’ R&D through lerner index. The reduce of market concentration will weaken the negative effects of lerner index on firms’ R&D and generate an escape-competition effect, which is more apparent in large and middle size firms. The market competition has no effect to stimulate R&D investment in small firms.