大企业的规模优势并不是产业获得持续创新动力实现创新升级的必要条件。本文在大企业作为产业创新源的讨论中引入了企业规模质量的概念，将我国产业创新升级普遍存在的低产业化、大而不强和传统产业升级问题抽象为企业规模阈值问题，并将三种规模阈值的突破作为企业规模质量的内涵。在此基础上，本文建立了大企业对产业创新升级引领作用的多个关系假设，以来自国家级和部分省市的201份创新型企业样本，验证了企业规模质量对产业创新升级的直接作用、协同创新的不完全中介作用，以及企业家精神在大企业中发挥的调节作用。研究结论确立了规模阈值突破作为研究产业创新源问题的新视角，得出了大企业规模质量对产业创新升级引领作用的内在机制，并就突破规模阈值的产业升级阶段性，以及大企业引领产业创新升级的二元性特征进行了延伸讨论。

The firm size of big enterprise is not a necessary condition to realize the continuous innovation of the industry which they belong to. In this paper, we introduce the conception of firm size quality in the issue that big enterprise act as the innovation source, we abstract the problems of China’s industrial upgrading, including the issues of low industrialization, weak big enterprises and traditional industry’s upgrading, as firm size thresholds, and the breaking through these three size thresholds constitutes the connotation of firm size quality. On this basis, we establish multiple  assumption on big firm’s leading effect on industrial innovative upgrading, with 201 samples from national and provincial innovative enterprises, and verify the direct effect that firm size quality has on industrial innovative upgrading, incomplete mediating role of collaborative innovation and adjustment role the entrepreneurship acts in big enterprise. At last, we conduct an extended discussion on phase characteristics of industrial upgrading by breaking through firm size thresholds and the duality of characteristics of big enterprise in the process of leading the industrial innovative upgrading.