本文对DEA模型进行了改进，使得通过对关键资源不同的优化配置，分别达到关键投入最小化、重要产出最大化、关键投入与重要产出同时最优三种目标。把改进的DEA模型用于创新型企业创新活动过程的资源配置与创新效率调整中。研究表明：（1）当目标为关键投入最小化时，对单项关键资源优化配置，可更有针对性并更多地节约特定资源；对多项关键资源配置优化，使资源配置满足不同需要但亦使单项资源的优化空间缩小。（2）当目标为重要产出最大化时，也可通过对关键资源优化配置来实现目标，但由于要获得重要产出的增加，相比情况（1），牺牲了部分关键资源的降低空间。（3）当目标为同时最小化关键投入和最大化重要产出时，同样可以通过关键资源配置优化实现目标，关键资源的优化空间不同于前两者。（4）在通过关键资源优化配置实现以上三个目标的同时，被评价企业由非DEA有效单元改进为DEA有效单元。

In this paper, the DEA model is improved, so that through the optimization of key resources we can minimize the key inputs, or maximize the important output, or optimize the both simultaneously. The improved DEA model is used to optimize t the allocation of resources and adjust the efficiency of innovation. The research shows that：(1)When the target is the minimization of the key inputs, the optimal allocation of single key resource can be more targeted and more economical; the optimal allocation of multiple key resources can meet different needs but also reduce the optimized space of individual resources. (2) When the target is the maximization of the important output, it can also be achieved by optimizing the allocation of key resources, but due to the increase in important output, compared to the case (1), it sacrifice some critical resources to reduce the space.(3) When the objective is to minimize the critical inputs and maximize the critical outputs, the objective also can be achieved through the allocation optimization of key resource, and the key resources of the optimization space is different from the first two.(4) When we achieve the above three goals through the optimization of key resources, the evaluated enterprise are improved from non DEA effective unit to DEA effective unit.