日本的科技水平能够长期走在世界前列，这和其具有较为完善的科研评价制度密不可分。日本就科研评价颁布了专门的法律，不同层次的评价法律有力的推动了日本的科研水平的提高，本文对日本有关评价的不同层次法律法规提出的背景、内容进行了分析。研究发现，第一，日本科研评价法律涉及面广，体系完备。 第二，由法律基础长期推动而形成的评价文化在科技界被广泛认同。第三，完备的法律体系、广泛认同的评价文化保证了科研评价的客观公正性，提高了科研成果的水平。

 Japan’s science and technology level can be ranked among the most advanced countries in the world for a long time, and it is inseparable from its relatively perfect scientific research evaluation system. Japan has enacted special laws on science research evaluation and the evaluation laws at different levels have promoted the improvement of Japanese scientific research level effectively. This paper analyzes the background and content of the laws and regulations at different levels on scientific research evaluation in Japan and studies the mechanism of legislation promoting Japan’s scientific research level. The study finds out that, firstly, the Japanese science research evaluation laws cover a wide range of fields and the system is complete; secondly, the formation of evaluation culture brought by sufficient legal foundation is favorable to promoting the development of scientific research evaluation system; and thirdly, the complete legal system and evaluation culture widely supported in the society have ensure impartiality and fairness for the Japanese scientific research evaluation process. 