自2009年以来在南方集体林区实施的中央财政林业补贴项目已逾六年，针对项目实施主体的选择直接影响到该政策执行中的公平性和效率性问题，对该问题的探讨有助于完善今后林补政策的瞄准度，具有重要的研究价值。本文在构建营林规模对林业补贴政策公平与效率影响的理论框架基础之上，基于2014年浙江省案例点151户有效样本调查数据，运用Logit和Tobit模型分别分析了营林规模对林业补贴政策公平与效率的影响，发现在现有的林业补贴政策具体实施中，地方相关职能部门从降低监督交易成本和追求管理效率出发，会尽量鼓励让规模大户参与林补项目实施，即从政策受益面而言，该项政策实施是存在不公平情况的；另一方面，相对于非补贴户，林补政策的确刺激了补贴户生产要素在林业上的投入，提升其营林积极性，但是从对营林行为激励程度来看，是否将政策的实施对象集中于规模大户仍值得商榷，目前对规模大户重点倾斜的林补政策的实施效率没有显著提升。在此基础上，笔者提出了相关完善建议。

Since 2009, forestry subsidy policies have been implemented in Southern Collective Forest for more than 6 years, the policy’s fairness and efficiency will be influenced deeply by the selection of groups who shared with the subsidies. It has high research value to discuss on this issue will help improve the aim of forestry subsidy policies more accurately in the future. Based on the theoretical framework of the impact on the fairness and efficiency of the forestry subsidy policies from forest management size, also 151 valid samples survey data in Zhejiang, this paper used logit and tobit models to analyze how forest management size have impact on the fairness and efficiency of the forestry subsidy policies, respectively. It found that local governments will encourage large-scale farmers to participate in the forest subsidy projects as much as possible for reducing transaction costs and seeking management efficiency, so the unfairness has existed in the implement of forestry subsidy policies; on the other hand, forestry subsidy policies really stimulated the inputs and activities for groups who shared subsidy policies compared with non-subsidy groups, however, the policies which focused on large scale households are still questionable , because the forest management input and activities has not been significantly improved with larger forest management size in subsidy group. On this basis, this paper gave some comments for improving the implement of forestry subsidy policies.