关键词: 专利计量学, 技术多样性, 高校, 大数据

Abstract: It is reported that the number of patents of Chinese universities ranks the first place at international level in recent years, and the US is the second one for that, hence, it is interesting to observe the differences between Chinese universities and American universities in patent characteristics of technological diversity. In this study, the technological diversity indices of patents in eight industries and their differences in the recent decade between universities of two countries are deeply analyzed, based on a large-scale data of patent records included in the database of Derwent Innovation Index. The results show that the field of medicine and health is the most active in all technological classes, and with similar number of patents between USA and China. Excepting for the industry of mechanic engineering, the diversity indices of Chinese universities in other seven industries are higher than that of American, yet, the relative share of patents of the US universities for human necessities industry is much higher than that of China, moreover, US universities show a trend of technological concentration in the industry of human necessities. The main conclusions of this investigation suggest that although the diversity indices of Chinese universities at industrial level are higher than that of US universities, it does not reflect the same story at the patent level. Moreover, it also suggested that there exist some limitations of the diversity index, one should take a multi-layered picture to exactly illustrate the function of this index.