在调研科研院所开展科技创新能力评价的基础上，阐述了国防科研院所的特点及其科技创新能力内涵；以中国工程物理研究院为样本，围绕国防科研院所“一分为二”的科技创新能力结构要素，提出了从共性能力与核心能力两个方面开展评价的思路；以“抓住核心能力、注重科技创新能力整体提升”为宗旨，提出了“两个体系、三个阶段”的评估办法，为国防科研院所部署开展科技创新能力评估提供一定的参考或指导。

On the basis of investigations on the evaluation of the scientific and technological innovation capacity, such hot topics as national defense research institutes and the essence of their scientific and technological innovation capacity are discussed. Around one of constructive elements of the scientific and technological innovation capacity, “One Divides into Two”, a new strategy is introduced with the case study of China Academy of Engineering Physics, namely the scientific and technological innovation capacity can be evaluated from both common competence and core competence. To achieve the purpose of “grasp the core competence, emphasize the promotion of the overall scientific and technological innovation capacity of the national defense research institutes”, the evaluation method of “two-system and three-stage” is presented. The new strategy and the evaluation method can be helpful to the evaluation of the scientific and technological innovation capacity of the national defense research institutes.