供应链企业间知识交易的关系契约机制:基于合作创新的研究视角

科研管理 ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7) : 38-48.

论文

陈伟¹, 张旭梅², 宋寒³

作者信息 +

A study on the relational contract of knowledge trading among members in the supply chain based on the perspective of cooperative innovation

Chen Wei¹, Zhang Xumei², Song Han³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

基于供应链合作创新视角, 知识交易双方投入要素的无法验证性所引起的双边道德风险往往会阻碍知识交易的顺利进行。针对上述问题, 运用委托代理理论设计了双边道德风险下供应链企业间知识交易的正式契约及关系契约激励机制。研究表明, 双边道德风险下知识交易的正式契约无法有效激励交易双方共同投入;对于任意贴现因子, 实施关系契约的知识交易量与供应链创新收益产出均不小于正式契约, 且随着贴现因子的增大, 关系契约的激励效果越显著;当贴现因子达到一定门槛值时, 关系契约能有效激励交易双方投入及供应链创新收益产出达到最优。最后, 通过数值算例验证了相关结论的有效性。

Abstract

Based on the perspective of cooperative innovation in the supply chain, the double moral hazard in knowledge trading among members resulted by the intangibility and unverifiability of their resources input will hinder the smooth progress of knowledge trading. Aiming at the above-mentioned problem, formal contract and relational contract of knowledge trading are designed with principal-agent theory, and then the incentive effects of contracts are analyzed. The conclusions indicate that the formal contract cannot motivate their contribution in knowledge trading effectively; the transfer quantity of knowledge trading and innovation income of supply chain under the relational contract are not less than that under the formal contract for all discount rate; the incentive effectiveness of the relational contract is getting more obvious with the increase of discount rate. When the discount rate reaches a certain threshold value, the optimal resources input and innovation income can be achieved through relational contract. At last, the effectiveness of the conclusions is verified through numerical examples.

导出引用

陈伟, 张旭梅, 宋寒. 供应链企业间知识交易的关系契约机制:基于合作创新的研究视角[J]. 科研管理. 2015, 36(7): 38-48

Chen Wei, Zhang Xumei, Song Han. A study on the relational contract of knowledge trading among members in the supply chain based on the perspective of cooperative innovation[J]. Science Research Management. 2015, 36(7): 38-48

中图分类号： F270.7

参考文献

[1] Mihm J.Incentives in new product development projects and the role of target costing[J].Management Science,2010,56(8):1324-1344. [2] Cao M,Zhang Q.Supply chain collaboration:Impact on collaborative advantage and firm performance[J].Journal of Operations Management,2011,29(3):163-180. [3] 潘文安.关系强度、知识整合能力与供应链知识效率转移研究[J].科研管理,2012,33(1):147-153.Pan Wenan.The impact of relationship strength and knowledge integration capability on supply chain knowledge transfer[J].Science Research Management,2012,33(1):147-153. [4] Davenport T H,Prusak L.Working knowledge[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1998,87-114. [5] Ba S,Stallaert J,Whinston A B.Optimal investment in knowledge within a firm using a market mechanism[J].Management Science,2001,47(9):1203-1219. [6] Matson E,Patiath P,Shavers T.Stimulating knowledge sharing:Strengthening your organization's internal knowledge market[J].Organizational Dynamics,2003,32(3):275-285. [7] Desouza K C,Yamakawa S,Awazu Y.Pricing organizational knowledge:An imperative[J].Ivey Business Journal,2003,67(7):1-5. [8] Desouza K C,Awazu Y.Markets in know-how[J].Business Strategy Review,2004,15(3):59-65. [9] Desouza K C,Awazu Y,Yamakawa S.Facilitating knowledge management through market mechanism[J].Knowledge and Process Management,2005,12(2):99-107. [10] Brydon M,Aidan R.Understanding the failure of internal knowledge markets:A framework for diagnosis and improvement[J].Journal of Information & Management,2006,8(1):964-974. [11] 戴俊,盛昭瀚.企业内部知识市场交易机制的模型构建与研究[J].预测,2004,23(4):48-51.Dai Jun,Sheng Zhaohan.Studies and constructs the model of trading mechanism of knowledge market inside enterprise[J].Forecasting,2004,23(4):48-51. [12] 陈搏,张喜征.组织内部知识市场交易博弈模型及其实证分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(4):109-115.Chen Bo,Zhang Xizheng.A Game Model of internal knowledge markets within an organization and its empirical analysis[J].Science of Science and Management of S & T,2006,27(4):109-115. [13] 张旭梅,张慧涛,朱庆.供应链中的知识市场研究[J].科学管理研究,2006,26(5):69-72.Zhang Xumei,Zhang Huitao,Zhu Qing.Research on knowledge markets in supply chain[J].Scientific Management Research,2006,26(5):69-72. [14] 陈伟,张旭梅.供应链伙伴特性对跨企业知识交易影响路径的实证研究—基于关系质量的中介效应[J].商业经济与管理,2013,33(1):32-42.Chen Wei,Zhang Xumei.An Empirical Study on the impact of partner characteristics on cross-enterprise knowledge trading in supply chain:Based on the mediating effect of relationship quality[J].Journal of Business Economics,2013,33(1):32-42. [15] 陈伟,张旭梅.供应链伙伴特性、知识交易与创新绩效关系的实证研究[J].科研管理,2011,32 (11):7-17.Chen Wei,Zhang Xumei.The relationship among partner characteristics,knowledge trading and innovation performance in the supply chain[J].Science Research Management,2011,32 (11):7-17. [16] 张旭梅,陈伟.供应链企业间信任、关系承诺与合作绩效—基于知识交易视角的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2011,29 (12):1865-1874.Zhang Xumei,Chen Wei.Trust, relationship commitment and cooperative performance in supply chain:An empirical study based on the perspective of knowledge trading[J].Studies in Science of Science,2011,29 (12):1865-1874. [17] 张旭梅,张玉蓉,张慧涛等.供应链企业间的知识市场及其交易模型研究[J].管理工程学报,2008,22(3):81-85.Zhang Xumei,Zhang Yurong,Zhang Huitao.Study on the knowledge market and the model of knowledge trading among enterprises in supply chain[J].Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2008,22(3,):81-85. [18] 许有志,王道平,杨炳儒.供应链中的知识交易与定价研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,29(11):97-101.Xu Youzhi,Wang DaoPing,Yang Bingru.Study on knowledge transaction and pricing in supply chain[J].Science of Science and Management of S & T,2008,29(11):97-101. [19] Martin,X,Salomon,R.Tacitness,learning,and international expansion:A study of foreign direct investment in a knowledge-intensive industry[J].Organization Science,2003,14(3):297-311. [20] Bandyopadhyay S,Pathak P.Knowledge sharing and cooperation in outsourcing projects—A game theoretic analysis[J].Decision Support Systems,2007,43(2):349-358. [21] Holmstrom B.Moral hazard in teams[J].Bell Journal of Economics,1982,13(2):324-340. [22] Corbett C J,DeCroix G A,Ha A Y.Optimal shared-savings contracts in supply chains:Linear contracts and double moral hazard[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2005,163(3):653-667. [23] Joshi A W,Stump R L.Determinants of commitment and opportunism:Integrating and extending insights from transaction cost analysis and relational exchange theory[J].Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences,1999,16(4):334-352. [24] 魏峰,李燚,张文贤.国内外心理契约研究的新进展[J].管理科学学报,2005,8(5):82-89.Wei Feng,Li Yi,Zhang Wenxian.New development of psychological contract research[J].Journal of Management Sciences in China,2005,8(5):82-89. [25] Kotabe M,Martin X,Domoto H.Gaining from vertical partnerships:Knowledge transfer,relationship duration,and supplier performance improvement in the US and Japanese automotive industries[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(4):293-316. [26] Dhanaraj C,Lyles M A,Steensma H K,Tihanyi L.Managing tacit and explicit knowledge transfer in IJVs:The role of relational embeddedness and the impact on performance[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2004,35(5):428-442. [27] Li J J,Poppo L,Zhou K Z.Relational mechanisms,formal contracts,and local knowledge acquisition by international subsidiaries[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(4):349-370. [28] Dyer J H,Hatch N W.Relation-specific capabilities and barriers to knowledge transfers:Creating advantage through network relationships[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(8):701-719. [29] 张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海三联书店,上海人民出版社出版,1996.Zhang Weiying.Game theory and information economics[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Joint Publishing,The Peoples Press of Shanghai,1996. [30] Daido,K.Formal and relational incentives in a multitask model[J].International Review of Law and Economics,2006,26(3):380-394. [31] Morgan R M,Hunt S D.The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,58(3):20-38.

基金

国家社会科学基金项目:关系和信任导向下供应链企业间知识共享的创新效应与实现机制研究(项目编号:13CGL013,起止时间:2013.06-2015.12);国家自然科学基金项目:知识密集型服务外包中的知识共享激励与知识资产争端协调机制研究(项目编号:71301182,起止时间:2013.09-2016.12);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目:合作创新视角下供应链企业间知识共享的治理机制及其实证研究(项目编号:KJ131003,起止时间:2013.06-2015.12)。