基于国家创业系统现有研究成果, 对创业既是一种现象又是一个过程的认识, 构建基于创业过程的国家创业系统概念框架及评价模型, 从GEM-2012、DEDI-2012/2013和GCI-2012/2013中选取43个国家为样本及相关数据, 运用可变规模收益条件下的非径向链式网络DEA方法, 对国家创业系统效率进行综合评价。研究发现, 对于效率驱动型样本和全部样本, 我国国家创业系统及其节点都是无效的, 其中非正式社会网络、商务环境、市场规模、胜任的人力资源和社会对创业态度五个投入要素需改进空间最大。因此, 要提升我国国家创业系统综合效率, 极为重要的是改进社会对创业的态度以提升创业意向形成效率, 大幅度改进非正式网络、商务环境、市场规模和胜任的人力资源等要素, 令更多具有创业意向的潜在创业者做出创业决策, 开展创业活动。
Abstract
On the basis of the current research results on National System of Entrepreneurship (NSE), the logical framework and the evaluation model of the NES are firstly structured with the understanding that the entrepreneurship is either a phenomenon or a process, then the NES of 43 countries are evaluated and analyzed by using the SBM-Network DEA method under variable returns-to-scale (VRS) and the data deriving from GEM-2012\\DEDI-2012/2013\\GCI-2012/2013. The empirical study shows that the Chinese NSE or its node is an input-inefficient DMU under either efficiency-driven countries or all 43 specimen countries. The input elements of NES that need to be greatly improved include “Informal Social Network”, “Business Environment”, “Market Size”, “Qualified Human Resource" and "Social Attitude towards Entrepreneurship". Consequently, in order to promote the overall efficiency of the NSE, it is extremely important to improve the “social attitude towards entrepreneurship” to enhance the formation efficiency of entrepreneurial intentions, and four elements of “informal networks”, “business environment”, “market size” and “qualified human resources” to help more and more potential entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial intentions make entrepreneurial decisions and conduct entrepreneurial activities.
关键词
国家创业系统 /
网络DEA模型 /
有效性评价 /
实证研究
Key words
National System of Entrepreneurship /
Network DEA Model /
efficiency evaluation /
empirical study
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基金
天津科技计划项目(11ZLZLZF05400,2011.9-2013.3);国家火炬计划项目(2011GH510103,2011.4—2014.5)。
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