鉴于众多学者从宏观和微观层面研究了碳税对二氧化碳减排效果和企业生产决策的影响, 本文首次从供应链的视角建立了集中式和分散式决策模型, 分别讨论了碳税政策下制造商和零售商的最优二氧化碳减排和定价策略, 以及税率对单位产品二氧化碳减排量和销售价格的影响。研究表明:碳税政策下单位产品的二氧化碳减排量和销售价格不仅依赖于碳税税率, 还与其初始二氧化碳排放量以及供应链的决策方式有关。此外, 碳税政策下分散式决策存在"双重边际效应"问题, 于是通过两部定价合同实现了供应链的完美协调。最后通过数值仿真进一步验证了相应的结论, 并就如何提高供应链的减排效率给出了一些建议和对策。
Abstract
In view of the fact that many scholars have studied the effect of carbon tax on emission reduction and firm's production decision from the macroscopic and microcosmic aspects, this paper initially establishes the centralized and decentralized decision-making models from the perspective of supply chain, then discusses respectively the optimal carbon dioxide emission reductions and pricing strategies for the manufacturer and retailer, and the impact of carbon tax rate on carbon dioxide emission reductions and product sale price. Some results show that the carbon dioxide emission reductions of per-unit product not only depend on the government's carbon tax rate, but also relate to its initial carbon dioxide emissions and the choices of decision-making in supply chain. In addition, there is the problem of "double marginalization" under the decentralized decision-making with carbon tax policy, so we coordinate supply chain with the two-part tariff contract. Finally, we further verify the conclusions by using numerical simulations, and give a number of suggestions and strategies for improving the efficiency of emission reduction for the supply chain.
关键词
供应链 /
碳税 /
减排成本 /
两部定价合同 /
博弈论
Key words
supply chain /
carbon tax /
abatement costs /
two-part tariff contract /
game theory
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目"碳排放约束下再制造闭环供应链协调机制及绩效评价研究"(71271225, 2013.01－2016.12);重庆市研究生科研创新项目"碳排放政策和消费者环保意识下企业库存与碳减排投资研究"(CYB14001, 2015.01－2016.12)。
