基于异质性企业理论的相关国内文献, 大多集中在检验中国企业是否存在"出口学习效应", 对如何产生"出口学习效应"的具体机理较少涉及。本文认为, 产生"出口学习效应"的主要原因来自企业出口后的研发概率与绩效更高, 在出口过程中企业会更有可能选择研发投入, 且带来的生产率提升更为显著;本文以2004 -2007年中国工业企业数据库为样本, 基于多达100万个样本点的大数据进行实证检验, 结论认为:中国制造业企业出口后选择研发投入的可能性会增加21.63%, 而研发投入的选择, 给这类企业带来了每年约7.3%的生产率提升。中国企业的出口不仅可以发挥比较优势, 解决劳动力就业问题, 同时也是为中国制造业企业更加自主选择研发投入, 并在中长期提升生产率, 获得动态优势的重要途径。
Abstract
The domestic literatures based on the heterogeneity firm theory mostly concentrated on testing whether there is "learning by exporting" in china, but less involved the mechanism about "learning by exporting". This paper argues that the main reason for "learning by exporting" is exporting firms have higher R&D probability and performance, these firms will be more likely to choose R&D investment, which enhance productivity more significantly in the exporting process. This paper uses Chinese industrial firm-level database during 2004-2007, up to one million sample points, as sample to empirically test and conclude that Chinese manufacturing firm's R&D probability will increase 21.63% after exporting, this R&D choice will bring about 7.3% annual productivity increase for such firms. Exporting of Chinese firms can improve employment because of comparative advantage, it is also an important way to increase productivity in the long time and get dynamic advantage through more R&D investment.
关键词
研发效应 /
出口学习效应 /
生产率提升
Key words
R&D Effect /
learning by exporting /
productivity upgrading
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基金
国家自然科学青年基金项目(71303108, 2014.1-2016.1);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(13JJD790014, 2014.3-2016.3)。
