从专利引证的视角, 运用数理统计的方法衡量专利在技术发展过程中的重要性和价值, 从定量分析入手对专利产业化的概率进行辨析。论证了专利产业化的判别与评价原理。专利引证网络的时间无关性、不可约性以及引证路径单向性满足马尔可夫链收敛的条件。运用马尔可夫链对专利引证网络的随机浏览过程进行建模。建立了专利引证网络与马尔可夫链的对应关系, 将专利产业化概率的计算过程转化为计算马尔可夫链转移矩阵稳态分布的过程, 设计了转移矩阵最大特征值和特征向量的迭代算法。从美国专利商标局的专利数据库中采集了235项1976年至2006年授权的半导体制造领域电子发射器制造技术的相关专利, 分析了专利的年度分布情况。从美国国家经济研究局的专利数据集中查询得到592条专利引证关系, 利用网络分析软件Pajek构建专利引证网络。实验结果表明, 本文提出专利产业化概率模型切实有效, 与专利产业化的实际情况相符, 可以作为专利产业化可能性的一种指示。
Abstract
The article differentiates the patent industrialization probability with a quantitative analysis from the perspective of patent citation. The method of mathematical statistics is used to measure the importance and values of patents in the technology development process. The principle of identification and evaluation of patent industrialization is demonstrated. Time-independence, irreducibility and irreversibility of a patent citation network enable it to meet the conditions for convergence of Markov Chain. So Markov Chain is adopted to model the process of random browse in a patent citation network. The correspondence between a patent citation network and Markov Chain is established. And the calculation of patent industrialization probability is translated to calculate the stable distribution of the transfer matrix of Markov Chain. The iterative algorithm for computing the largest eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the transfer matrix is devised. The article collects 235 patents related to electron emitter manufacturing which were granted between 1976 and 2006 from the database of United States Patent and Trademark Office. The annual distribution of the patents is analyzed. The article queries from the patent data set of National Bureau of Economic Research to get 592 patent citations and uses the network analysis software Pajek to build a patent citation network as the experimental data. The experimental results show that, the proposed model is effective. It is consistent with the actual situations of patent industrialization, and can be used as the instructions of patent industrialization.
关键词
专利产业化 /
马尔可夫链 /
专利引证网络 /
转移矩阵 /
电子发射器制造
Key words
patent industrialization /
Markov Chain /
patent citation network /
transfer matrix /
electron emitter manufacturing
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目:"智慧的低碳设计和制造一体化技术及系统研究"(51175463, 2012.01-2015.12), 浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题"基于专利引证网络的知识基因提取方法探索"(13NDJC19YBM, 2013.08-2015.07), 浙江省软科学研究计划项目"技术标准下提升企业自主创新能力——基于专利池的组建与管理"(2013C35064, 2013.05-2015.08), 浙江省软科学研究计划项目"提升地方应用型高校专利产业化实效性研究——基于浙江省高校与企业的调研"(2014C35041, 2014.07-2016.06), 台州市科协软科学研究课题"提升企业核心竞争力路径研究:专利产业化判别与评价"(台科协[2014]43号, 2014.09-2015.01)
