承担企业科研项目给科研人员带来了什么?

科研管理 ›› 2015, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 19-28.

承担企业科研项目给科研人员带来了什么?

赵延东¹, 洪伟²

1. 中国科学技术发展战略研究院科技与社会发展研究所, 北京 100038;
2. 清华大学科学技术与社会研究中心, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2014-02-10 修回日期:2015-07-01 出版日期:2015-12-25 发布日期:2015-12-22
通讯作者: 赵延东
作者简介:赵延东(1971-),男(汉),湖南湘潭人,博士,中国科学技术发展战略研究院研究员,研究方向为社会资本与社会网络、科学社会学、灾害社会学。
洪伟(1974-),女(汉),江苏淮阴人,清华大学科学技术与社会研究中心副教授,博士。研究方向为科学社会学,科技与社会,校企合作。
基金资助:
中国科学技术协会调研项目(项目号2008DCYJ01);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(70902003);清华大学自主科研计划(20131089330)。

The impact of industry funding on scientific activities

Zhao Yandong¹, Hong Wei²

1. Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Beijing 100038, China;
2. The Center of Science, Technology and Society, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2014-02-10 Revised:2015-07-01 Online:2015-12-25 Published:2015-12-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 国内外普遍认为高校及科研院所的科研人员与企业的合作有助于推动国家创新,但迄今尚少有经验研究来探讨校企合作究竟对科研活动产生了哪些积极的或消极的影响。本文基于对一项全国七千余名科研人员的调查数据的分析,全面考察了科研人员承担企业项目对于科研文化、科研网络、科研投入及产出等多方面的具体影响,研究发现承担企业项目的科研人员有更高的研究积极性、建立了更广泛的科研合作网络、在科研成果的市场转换方面表现也更好,但同时也发现承担企业项目对科研文化和基础研究可能存在不利影响。研究结果为我们更好地促进科研机构与企业协同创新提供了新的启示。

关键词: 企业项目资助, 科研文化, 科研网络, 科研投入, 科研产出

Abstract: While it is widely acknowledged that collaborations between public research sectors and private sectors will promote national innovativeness, there are few empirical studies exploring the positive or negative effects of such collaborations on scientific activities. Based on a national survey of 7000 scientists in China conducted in 2008, this study examines how industry funding affects scientific cultures, collaboration networks, scientific engagements and scientific outcomes. The findings show that scientists who get funds from industry tend to engage more actively in their studies, build up broader cooperation networks, and perform better in the commercialization of their inventions. However, it is also found that the collaboration with industry might bring about negative consequences to scientific cultures and basic researches. This study sheds new light on the university-industry relationships and provides us with policy implications.

Key words: industry funding, scientific cultures, collaboration network, scientific engagements, scientific outcomes

中图分类号:

F287.6

赵延东, 洪伟. 承担企业科研项目给科研人员带来了什么?[J]. 科研管理, 2015, 36(12): 19-28.

Zhao Yandong, Hong Wei. The impact of industry funding on scientific activities[J]. Science Research Management, 2015, 36(12): 19-28.

参考文献

[1] Stokes D E. Pasteur's quadrant[M]. Washington:Brookings Institution, 1997. [2] Gibbons M, Limoges C, Nowotny H, et al. The new production of knowledge[M].London:Sage, 1994. [3] Leydesdorff L, Etzkowitz H. Emergence of a triple helix of university-industry-government relations[J]. Science and Public Policy, 1996, 23:279-286. [4] Shinn T. The triple helix and new productions of knowledge[J]. Social Studies of Science, 2002, 32:599-614. [5] Gulbrandsen M, Smeby J C. Industry funding and university professors' research performance[J]. Research Policy, 2005, 34(6):932-950. [6] Van Looy B, Ranga M, Callaert J, et al. Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia:Towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?[J]. Research Policy, 2004, 33(3):425-441. [7] Blumenthal D, Campbell E G, Anderson M, et al. Withholding research results in academic life science. Evidence from a national survey of faculty[J]. JAMA, 1997, 277(15):1224-8. [8] Campbell E G, Clarridge B R, Gokhale M, et al. Data withholding in academic genetics.[J]. JAMA, 2002, 287(4):473-480. [9] Hong W, Walsh J P. For money or glory? Secrecy, competition and commercialization in the entrepreneurial university[J]. The Sociological Quarterly, 2009, 50:145-171. [10] Merton R K. The sociology of science:Theoretical and empirical investigations[M].Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press, 1973. [11] Hackett E J. Science as a vocation in the 1990s:The organizational culture of academic science[J]. Journal of Higher Education, 1990, 61(3):241-279. [12] Slaughter S, Leslie L L. Academic capitalism:Politics, policies, and the entrepreneurial university[M].Baltimore, MD:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. [13] Nelson R R. Observations on the post-Bayh-Dole rise of patenting at american universities[J]. Journal of Technology Transfer 2001, 26:13-19. [14] Florida R, Cohen W M:Engine or infrastructure? The university role in economic development[C], Branscomb L M, Kodama F, Florida R, editor, Industrializing Knowledge:University-Industry Linkages in Japan and the United States, Cambridge MA/London:MIT Press, 1999:589-610. [15] Hong W:Technology transfer in Chinese universities:Is mode 2 sufficient for a developing country?[C], Law P-L, Fortunati L, Yang S, editor, New technologies in global societies, new jersey:World scientific publishers, 2006:21-50. [16] Cohen W M, Nelson R R, Walsh J P. Protecting their intellectual assets:Appropriability conditions and Why U.S. manufacturing firms patent (Or Not)[R]. NBER Working Paper #7552. 2000. [17] Thursby J G, Thursby M C. Purdue licensing survey:A summary of results[D]. Krannert Graduate School of Management, Purdue University, 1999. [18] Crane D. Social structure in a group of scientists:A test of the "invisible college" hypothesis[J]. American Sociological Review, 1969:335-352. [19] Ynalvez M A, Shrum W M. Professional networks, scientific collaboration, and publication productivity in resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country[J]. Research Policy, 2011, 40:204-216. [20] Katz R, Allen T J. Investigating the not invented here (NIH) syndrome:A look at the performance, tenure, and communication patterns of 50 R&D project groups[J]. R&D Management, 1982, 12:7-19. [21] Ernø-Kjølhede E, Husted K, Mønsted M, et al. Managing university research in the triple helix[J]. Science and Public Policy, 2001, 28:49-55. [22] 南开大学高校工资改革课题组.关于高校教师工资收入现状的调查[J].南开经济研究, 1990(3):74-79.Research team on the reform of wage system of colleges and universities. 1990. The survey report on the wage income of college and university teachers[J]. Nankai Economic Studies, 1990(3):74-79. [23] 文跃然,欧阳杰.高校教师职业特点及其收入分配改革研究[J].中国高教研究, 2004(S1):11-19.Wen Yueran, Ouyang Jie. 2004. A Study on the occupational characteristics of college and university teachers and the reform of their income distribution[J]. China Higher Education Research, 2004(S1):11-19. [24] 高等学校收入分配情况调查组.高等学校收入分配情况调查报告[J].中国高教研究, 2004(增刊):93-99.Research team on the income distribution of colleges and universities. 2004. The survey report on the income distribution of colleges and universities[J]. China Higher Education Research, S:93-99. [25] 全国科技工作者状况调查课题组.第二次全国科技工作者状况调查报告[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 2010.Research team of the general survey of Chinese science and technology personnel. 2010. The report of the second general survey of Chinese science and technology personnel[M]. China Science and Technology Press,2010. [26] Lin N, Dumin M. Access to occupations through social ties[J]. Social Networks, 1986(8):365-86. [27] 赵延东,罗家德.如何测量社会资本:一个经验研究综述[J].国外社会科学, 2005(2):18-24. Zhao Yandong, Luo Jiade. 2005. How to measure social capital:A literature review[J].Social Sciences Abroad, 2005(2):18-24. [28] 赵延东,周婵.我国科研人员的科研合作网络分析[J].科学学研究, 2011(7):999-1006.Zhao Yan-dong, Zhou Chan. 2011. The cooperation network of Chinese researchers:A perspective of ego-centered social network analysis[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2011(7):999-1006 [29] Burt, R.S., 1992. Structural holes[M]. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.