为获取各创新要素投入对技术创新效率的贡献,本文区分基础研究、应用研究和试验发展,在随机前沿生产函数的基础上分别估算我国各地区不同活动类型技术创新要素投入的单效率,结果显示:基础研究的各创新要素投入单效率高于应用研究和试验发展的要素投入单效率,基础研究和应用研究的R&D经费效率高于R&D科技人员效率,试验发展的R&D科技人员单效率高于经费单效率,科技论文和专利作为要素投入的单效率很低,新产品开发经费效率较低,各创新要素投入单效率有较大的上升空间。我国创新要素单效率区域差异较大,各省份具有不同创新要素效率优势,各地区在加大创新要素投入的同时,更应提高R&D经费和科技人力产出效率,扭转科技论文"数量论"和专利"供给导向"。
Abstract
In order to obtain contribution of each innovation factor to efficiency of technological innovation, the paper distinguishes basic research, applied research and experimental development, and estimates the single factor efficiency of each innovation factor based on the stochastic frontier production function. The estimation results show that the single factor efficiency of basic research is higher than applied research's and experimental development's, R&D funds' efficiency in basic research and applied research is higher than R&D scientific and technical personnel's efficiency, but R&D scientific and technical personnel's efficiency is higher than R&D funds' efficiency in experimental development. Efficiency of scientific papers and patents as factors input are very low, efficiency of new product development expenditure is low, single efficiency of innovation input has greatly rising space. There are large regional differences in the efficiency of innovation in China, different province has different advantage of innovation efficiency, China should increase innovation investment. What's more, we should raise theefficiency of R&D funds and manpower input, and reverse "number oriented" of scientific papers and "supply oriented" of patent.
关键词
基础研究 /
应用研究 /
试验发展 /
经费效率 /
人力效率
Key words
basic research /
applied research /
experimental development /
efficiency of R&D funds /
efficiency of R&D personnel
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1]钟祖昌.研发创新SBM效率的国际比较研究——基于OECD国家和中国的实证分析[J].财经研究, 2011,37(9):80-90.Zhong Zuchang.Research on international comparison of innovation SBM efficiency:Empirical analysis based on OECD members and China.[J]Journal of Finance and Economics.2011, 37(9):80-90.
[2]郭磊,刘志迎,周志翔.基于DEA交叉效率模型的区域技术创新效率评价研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011, 32(11):138-143.Zhong Zuchang.Research on international comparison of innovation SBM efficiency:Empirical analysis based on OECD members and China.[J]Journal of Finance and Economics.2011, 37(9):80-90.
[3]李新春,李胜文,张书军.高技术与非高技术产业创新的单要素效率[J].中国工业经济,2010,266(5):68-77.Li Xinchun,Li Shengwen,Zhang Shujun.Single factor efficiency analysis in high-tech and non-high-tech industryinnovative activities.[J].China Industrial Economics.2010, 266(5):68-77.
[4]吴延兵.国有企业双重效率损失研究[J].经济研究, 2012(3):15-27.Wu Yanbin. The dual efficiency lossers in Chinese state-owned enterprises.[J].Economic Research Journal, 2012(3):15-27.
[5] Fried,Lovell,Schmidt,Yaisawarng.Accounting for environmental effectsand statistical noisein data envelopment analysis[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2002(17):121-136.
[6] Castelli L.,Pesenti R.,Ukovich W.,A classification of DEA models whenthe internalstructure of the decision making units is considered[J]. Structure of Operations Research,2010, 1(173):207-235.
[7] Reinhard,Stijn, C. A. Knox Lovell,and Geert Thijssen. Econometric estimation of technical and environmental efficiency:An application to dutch dairy farms[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1999,81(1):44-60.
[8]李鑫,欧名豪.中国省际建设用地单要素效率评价与区域差异研究[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,12(1):80-84.Li Xin, Ou Minghao. An evaluation of China's provincial construction land single factor efficiency and its regional differences.[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Science Edition).2012,12(1):80-84.
[9]余泳泽,刘大勇.我国区域创新效率的空间外溢效应与价值链外溢效应-创新价值链视角下的多维空间面板模型研究[J].管理世界,2013(7):6-20.Yu Yongze, Liu Dayong.The effect of the space outflow of China's regional innovation and the effect of the outflowof value chains:A study, from the perspective of the innovative value chain,on the model of the panel of multidimensional space.[J].Management World,2013(7):6-20.
[10]黄苹.中国省域R&D溢出与地区经济增长空间面板数据模型分析[J].科学学研究,2008,26(4):749-753.Huang Ping. Spatial panel data models analysis on investment of provincial R&D and regional economical growth in China.[J].Studies in Science of Science, 2008,26(4):749-753.
[11]柳卸林,胡志坚.中国区域创新能力的分布与成因[J].科学学研究, 2002.20(5):550-555.Liu Xielin, Hu Zhijian.The pattern of China regional innovation capability and its implication.[J].Studies in Science of Science,2002.20(5):550-555.
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71102002)起止时间:2012-2014;广东高等学校科技创新项目(2013kjcx0135)起止时间:2013-2016;广东省科技厅项目(2013B040405005);创新强校工程自主创新项目,起止时间:2014-2016。
