创新目标、信息来源与创新成功关系实证研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于企业自身知识和能力的局限性,创新搜索是其获得所需资源、推动创新发展的有效方式.现有研究表明,企业所采取的创新搜索策略会对其创新成果有显著的影响.采取开放式创新模式能够使企业接触到原本难以获得的资源,并对内部创新的驱动因素产生影响,促进创新的绩效.另外,对企业认知过程的研究也指出了创新搜索广度在消除其认知偏误方面的重要性.当面对创新风险带来的不确定性时,企业可以通过增加创新搜索的广度来有效应对.除了拥有多个创新目标之外,企业也可以通过增加创新信息来源数量来提升创新成功的可能性.本文以创新目标、信息来源与创新成功之间的关系为切入点,主要探讨了创新搜索广度对创新成功的影响程度,检验了创新搜索的"广种"效应.本研究主要回答以下三个问题:首先,企业的创新目标广度是否会提升其创新成功可能性?其次,企业的创新信息来源广度是否会提升其创新成功可能性?另外,创新搜索广度(包括创新目标广度与创新信息来源广度)与企业创新成功之间的关系是否会受到单一依赖性的影响?针对这三个问题,本文通过经济学与统计学相结合的理论分析建立了理论框架,并运用2008年中国企业创新调查数据进行了大样本(共包括30个制造业细分行业的870家企业信息)的实证分析,对创新搜索广度、创新信息来源广度对企业创新成功可能性的作用以及单一依赖性的影响进行了检验,发现并总结出关于我国制造业企业创新搜索"广种"效应的规律.研究发现:企业的创新目标广度与其创新成功可能性正向相关,即企业的创新目标越多,其创新成功可能性越大;企业的创新信息来源广度与其创新成功可能性正向相关,即企业的创新信息来源越多,其创新成功可能性越大;另外,企业的单一信息来源依赖性会负向调节信息来源广度对创新成功可能性的正向作用,但并不会完全抵消其正向影响.替换变量、分组回归等稳定性检验的结果进一步支持了本研究结论的正确性与可靠性.研究结论证明,我国制造业企业中创新搜索确实存在"广种"正效应,无论是增加创新目标还是扩展创新信息来源都对企业创新活动的成功有着显著的正向影响;同时,若企业对于少数创新信息来源依赖性过高,这种单一信息来源依赖性会削弱信息来源广度的正向作用,减小创新搜索的"广种"正效应.

关键词: 创新搜索广度, 创新目标, 信息来源, 2008年中国创新调查

Abstract: Due to the limitation of firms' own knowledge and capability, innovation search has become an effective method for firms to obtain necessary resources and pursue innovation development. Existing researches have shown that the innovation search strategies adopted by firms have significant impacts on the innovation outcome. By adopting an open innovation model, firms would gain accesses to resources that are previously hard to get, generate certain impacts on driving forces of internal innovation, and enhance innovation performance. Furthermore, studies regarding firms' cognitive processes have also demonstrated that increasing innovation search breadth is important for alleviating cognitive biases. When facing the uncertainty of innovation activities, firms may seek for broader innovation search. While pursuing multiple innovative objectives, firms could also increase their chances of innovation success with more knowledge sources. By studying the relationship among innovation objective, knowledge source and innovation outcome, this paper examines the impact of innovation search breadth on innovation success and verifies the positive effectiveness of innovation search breadth. Our study mainly addresses the following three research questions: first, would more innovation objectives increase the possibility of innovation success? Second, would more knowledge sources increase the possibility of innovation success? Moreover, would the aforementioned two relationships be affected by single dependency? In order to answer these three questions, this paper builds a theoretical framework through a combination of economic and statistical analyses, and conducts empirical analyses on a large data set of 2008 Chinese CIS (which includes data on 870 firms in 30 manufacturing segment industries) to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of innovation search breadth. Our study finds that the breadth of innovation objectives is positively related to the innovation outcome, i.e., the more innovation objectives a firm has, the more likely its innovation would be successful; the breadth of knowledge sources is also found to be positively related to the innovation outcome, i.e., the more knowledge sources a firm utilizes, the more likely its innovation would be successful; moreover, dependence on single knowledge source has a negative yet not reversing moderating effect on knowledge source's positive impact on innovation success. Robustness checks including using alternative variables and grouping samples by different categories further support the results of our study. This paper shows that positive effectiveness of innovation search breadth does exist among Chinese manufacturing firm: both innovation objective breadth and knowledge source breadth have positive relationship with the outcome of firms' innovation activities; meanwhile, if a firm relies highly on a small number of innovation knowledge resources, such single dependence would reduce the positive effect of knowledge source breadth.

Key words: breadth of innovation search, innovation objectives, knowledge sources, 2008 Chinese CIS

中图分类号:

F272.3

王悦亨, 王毅, 李纪珍. 创新目标、信息来源与创新成功关系实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 2015, 36(1): 8-17.

Wang Yueheng, Wang Yi, Li Jizhen. An empirical study of innovation objectives, knowledge sources and innovation success[J]. Science Research Management, 2015, 36(1): 8-17.

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