本文利用我国制造业企业普查数据检验了不同企业规模和集聚（城市）规模条件下，集聚动态外部性对企业创新能力的影响。结果表明：所有企业创新能力都得益于马歇尔外部性和雅各布斯外部性，同时影响程度又取决于企业规模和集聚规模。具体来说，小城市中，马歇尔外部性对企业创新能力的影响较大；大城市中，雅各布斯外部性对企业创新能力更显著。就不同规模的企业而言，小型企业显著受益于雅各布斯外部性，但大型企业很少得益于雅各布斯外部性。小城市中的小型企业的创新能力主要得益于马歇尔外部性，而大城市则主要得益于雅各布斯外部性。本文研究结论可以为区域产业政策和企业创新政策的制定提供有益的参考。
Abstract
The paper makes use of the manufacturing census data in China to study the effect of agglomeration externalities on the enterprise innovation ability on the basis of different enterprise scale and agglomeration(city)scale. The results indicate that innovation ability of all enterprises benefits from Marshall Externalities and Jacobs Externalities, meanwhile, the extent of impact depends on enterprise scale and agglomeration scale. Specifically, innovation ability of enterprises in small cities benefits strongly from Marshall Externalities, while that of enterprises in large cities benefits more from Jacobs Externalities. As to enterprises of different scales, small enterprises receive strong benefits from Jacobs Externalities, but large ones seldom so. In small cities, Marshall Externalities exert favorable influence on small enterprises, however, in large cities, it is Jacobs Externalities that are beneficial to small enterprises. The above conclusions can provide useful reference for making regional industrial policy and enterprise innovation strategy.
关键词
集聚 /
创新能力 /
马歇尔外部性 /
雅各布斯外部性
Key words
agglomeration /
innovation ability /
Marshall externalities /
Jacobs externalities
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目（71003023）“基于群落生态学的高校科技创新系统演化机理、识别与调控研究”，2011.1-2013.12；国家自然科学基金项目（71073107）“FDI在所嵌入产业集群的知识转移和溢出效应研究”，2011.1-2013.12；江苏省“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人资助计划，2012.12-2013.13；江苏省社科基金（12EYC009）“创新型城市评价研究：以苏州为例”，2012.10-2013.10
