通过构建旨在评价中国三大创新主体（企业、高校和科研院所）的创新效率及其影响因素的随机前沿模型，对1999-2008年中国30个省份的面板数据进行实证研究，发现三大主体的创新活动均对创新资源的依赖较大，创新效率值均小于1，其中企业的创新效率值最低。技术非效率因素显著存在，其中政府资助和创新主体间的联系对创新主体的作用截然不同。同时，在以创新效率的聚类分区中，企业创新高效区的省份相当少，高校创新高效区和科研院所创新高效区的省份较多，但又有所差异。区域创新主体间的效率差异，以及区域之间的差别，显示出了区域创新的动力源泉和发展特点。
Abstract
This paper evaluates the innovation efficiencies and determinants of China's three main innovation bodies - enterprises, universities and institutes by building stochastic frontier module, and gives an empirical research of the panel data that covers 30 provinces in China during 1999 to 2008. The results show that all the innovation activities of the three main bodies depend much on innovation resources, and the innovation efficiencies of them are all lower than 1, enterprises perform worst. Technological inefficiency factors notably exist. Governmental funds and the linkage of the main bodies have distinct roles. Moreover, the cluster analysis reveals that there are considerably less enterprise innovation high-efficiency areas, and relatively more university and institute innovation high-efficiency areas. Efficiency differences between the main bodies of the regional innovation, and the differences between the areas show the power source and characteristics of the development of the regional innovation.
关键词
创新主体 /
创新效率 /
随机前沿分析法 /
区域差异
Key words
Innovation body /
innovation efficiency /
stochastic frontier analysis /
regional difference
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基金
国家社科基金重点项目（09AZD023）；国家教育部青年基金项目（13YJC790186）；浙江省自然科学基金青年基金项目（LQ13G030020，LQ13G030018）。
