运用超越对数生产函数随机前沿模型,以2003—2010年中国279个地级及以上城市的面板数据为基础,将环境污染作为投入要素纳入城镇化效率评价体系,从人口、经济、空间、社会四个角度测算了环境约束下的中国城镇效化率,分析了环境约束下人口密度、产业结构、政府政策和市区规模等因素对城镇化效率的影响。结果显示:(1)比较而言,考察期间经济、空间及社会城镇化效率较高,人口城镇化效率较低,各类型的城镇化效率值在空间分布上整体呈现为东高西低的状态。(2)人口密度、产业结构和政府政策对人口及社会城镇化效率的影响均为正,而市区规模对前者的影响为负,对后者的影响则不显著;同时,市区规模对经济城镇化效率的影响也为负;产业结构和市区规模对空间城镇化效率的影响为正,人口密度为负。最后,本文建议,应通过统筹协调各影响因素来提升区域城镇化综合效率。
Abstract
With the Stochastic Frontier Production Function, based on the data of 279 prefecture-level or above cities in China from 2003 to 2010, bringing the environmental pollution into the urbanization efficiency evaluation system as an input factor, this paper measures the technical efficiency of urbanization process under the environmental constraints from four aspects, including demographical, economical, spatial and social; and analyzes the impact of population density, industrial structure, government policy, regional scale and some other factors on urbanization efficiency. The main results are as follows: (1) In comparison, during the investigating time, the efficiency of economic, spatial and social urbanization are higher, while the demographical one is lower. In terms of spatial distribution, the urbanization efficiency value of each type is highest in east and lowest in west. (2) Population density, industrial structure and government policy all have positive impact on demographical and social urbanization efficiency, while regional scale has positive impact on demographical urbanization efficiency but no significant impact on social one; regional scale has negative impact on economical urbanization efficiency; population density has negative impact on spatial urbanization efficiency, while both industrial structure and regional scale have positive impact. Finally, this paper suggests that the overall efficiency of regional urbanization should be improved by coordinating various influencing factors.
关键词
环境约束 /
城镇化效率 /
影响因素 /
随机前沿 /
超越对数
Key words
environmental constraints /
the efficiency of urbanization /
influencing factors /
stochastic frontier /
Stochastic Frontier Production Function
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基金
国家社会科学基金项目(西部地区服务业集聚与城镇化互动发展研究,11XJL009,2011-2013)。
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