创业团队异质性与团队效能的关系研究

科研管理 ›› 2013, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 35-41.

创业团队异质性与团队效能的关系研究

樊传浩, 王济干

河海大学商学院, 江苏南京 210098

收稿日期:2011-11-29 修回日期:2012-08-22 出版日期:2013-08-27 发布日期:2013-08-15
作者简介:樊传浩(1984-),男(汉),江苏丰县人,河海大学商学院教师,研究方向为人力资源管理、管理科学理论与应用。
王济干(1959-),男(汉),江苏涟水人,河海大学商学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向为人力资源管理、管理科学与系统工程。
基金资助:
江苏省社科基金"我国科技人才创新团队增效机理研究(编号:09GLB006)",起止时间:2009.9-2012.9。

Study on relationship between the entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and the team effectiveness

Fan Chuanhao, Wang Jigan

School of Business, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

Received:2011-11-29 Revised:2012-08-22 Online:2013-08-27 Published:2013-08-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高科技创业面临着来自外部环境的不确定性,已有研究并没有对"什么样的创业团队更可能获得好的效能"问题给予合理解释。本文使用量化和质性相结合的研究手段,考察了创业团队异质性与团队效能的相关关系,并进行了路径分析。利用806个样本的实证数据,并结合案例分析的研究发现,创业团队异质性对团队效能的影响作用显著。异质性只是团队结构的一种静态描述,一旦创业团队形成,认同突显的长时段的一般人口统计学属性、教育背景等结构因素将固定,业已形成创业团队则说明对团队认同的承诺已达到一定程度,进而在创业过程中能够激活短时段的创业经验、认知、工作价值观等情境因素发挥作用,从而间接的对创业团队效能产生正向影响。

关键词: 创业团队, 异质性, 团队效能, 路径分析

Abstract: Many factors in the external environment cause uncertainty for high-tech entrepreneurships. Existing research does not give a reasonable explanation on "what kind of entrepreneurial teams are more likely to be effective". This paper studies relationship between entrepreneurial teams heterogeneity and team effectiveness through quantitative and qualitative research method and does some path analyses. Researches are conducted to the empirical data of 806 samples by using the case study method and the results reveal that the entrepreneurial team heterogeneity effects team efficiency distinctly. Heterogeneity is only one kind of static expression and once an entrepreneurial team is formed, such elements as the general demographic attributes and the education background which social identities are shown longer period are settled. If an entrepreneurial team has already been formed, it means commitment of social identities of the team is above a certain level, and then during the process of entrepreneurship, the short-term effects of entrepreneurship experience, social identities, work values will be activated to affect indirectly and positively the efficiency of the entrepreneurial team.

Key words: entrepreneurial team, heterogeneity, team effectiveness, mediating variable, path analysis

中图分类号:

F270.7

樊传浩, 王济干. 创业团队异质性与团队效能的关系研究[J]. 科研管理, 2013, 34(8): 35-41.

Fan Chuanhao, Wang Jigan. Study on relationship between the entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and the team effectiveness[J]. Science Research Management, 2013, 34(8): 35-41.

参考文献

[1] Foo, M.D., Wong, P.K., Ong, A., Do Others Think You Have a Viable Business Idea?Team Diversity and Judges' Evaluation of Ideas in a Business Plan Competition[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2005, 20(3):385-402. [2] Liao, J., Li, J., Gartner, W.B., The Effects of Founding Team Diversity and Social Similarity on Venture Formation.Journal of Business Venturing, Working Paper,2009. [3] 牛芳,张玉利,杨俊.创业团队异质性与新企业绩效:领导者乐观心理的调节作用[J].管理评论,2011(11):110-119. [4] Jackson, S.E., Joshi, A., Erhardt, N.L., Recent Research on Team and Organizational Diversity:SWOT Analysis and Implications[J].Journal of Management, 2003,29(6):801-830. [5] Blatt, R., Tough Love:How Communal Schemas and Contracting Practices Build Relational Capital in Entrepreneurial Teams[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2009,34(3):533-551. [6] 薛红志.创业团队、正式结构与新企业绩效[J].管理科学,2011(01):1-10. [7] Chatterji, A.K., Spawned with a Silver Spoon? Entrepreneurial performance and Innovation in the medical device Industry[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2009,30(2):185-206. [8] Shane, S., Khurana, R., Bringing individuals back in:The effects of career experience on new firm founding[J].Industrial and Corporate Change, 2003,12(3):519-543. [9] Amason, A.C., Shrader, R.C., Tompson, G.H., Newness and Novelty:Relating Top Management Team Composition to New Venture Performance[J].Journal of Business Venturing, 2006,21(1):125-148. [10] Gilbert, C.G., Change in the presence of residual fit:Can competing frames coexist[J].Organization Science, 2006,17(1)150-167. [11] West, C.T., Schwenk, C.R., Top management team strategic consensus, demographic homogeneity and firm performance:A report of resounding nonfindings[J].Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(7):571-576. [12] Smith, K.G., Smith, K.A., Olian, J.D., Sims, H.P., O'Bannon, D.P., Scully, J., Top management team demography and process:the role of social integration and communication[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, 1994,39(3):412-438. [13] Murnighan, K. J., Conlon, D.E., The dynamics of Intense work groups:A study of british string quartetts[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1991, 36:165-186. [14] O'Reilly, C. A., Caldwell, D.F., Barnett, W.P., Work group demography, social integration, and turnover[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1989, 34(1):21-37. [15] Tsui, A.S., O'Reilly, C.O., Beyond simple demographic effects:The importance of relational demography in superior-subordinate dyads[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1989, 32:402-423. [16] Shane, S.A., Venkataraman, S., The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research[J].Academy of Management Review, 2000,25(1):217-226. [17] Winter, S. G., The Satisfying Principle in Capability Learning[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2000,21(10):981-996. [18] 贺小刚,沈瑜.基于企业家团队资本视角的新创企业成长理论探析[J].外国经济与管理,2007(12):30-37. [19] Jehn, K.A., Northcraft, G.B., Neale, M.A., Why Differences Make a Difference:A Field Study of Diversity, Conflict, and Performance in Workgroups[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1999,44(4):741-763. [20] Gibson, C.B., Earley, P.C., Collective cognition in action:Accumulation, interaction, examination, and accommodation in the development and operation of group efficacy beliefs in the workplace[J].Academy of Management Review, 2007, 32(2):438-458.