技术型企业从两个途径获得技术创新知识,一是通过企业内部过程进行知识的积累和创造;二是通过企业外部过程,与市场进行知识交换、建立技术战略联盟分享和传递知识。技术战略联盟间在知识转移过程中获得经济收益,但同时联盟企业之间的独立性、知识的特殊性不得不让企业考虑知识产权的自我保护问题。本研究通过文献讨论、问卷开发与调查和统计建模过程,结果发现:技术战略联盟之间形成了一种特殊的"竞合"关系,无论企业与竞争对手还是与非营利性组织形成技术战略联盟,知识转移和交换均可以使企业提升创新绩效。并且,企业在与技术战略联盟进行合作过程中,可以采用技术成果的法律保护、竞争性保护措施以及在企业内进行知识产权管理实践,维护企业的核心能力,促进企业的创新效果。这种技术成果的保护过程在企业与竞争市场形成技术战略联盟的知识转移过程中更加有效。
Abstract
The technology-based enterprise obtains the technological innovation knowledge by means of two ways:firstly, the knowledge accumulation and creation through the internal process of the enterprise; and secondly, the knowledge exchange, the sharing and transfer of knowledge by establishing the technology strategic alliance through the external process of the enterprise. The enterprises establish the technology strategic alliance to obtain economic gains in the knowledge transfer process, but the independence of the enterprises in the Alliance and the particularity of knowledge compel the enterprises to consider the protection of the intellectual property rights. Through the literature review, questionnaire survey and the statistical analysis process, the study discovers that a special "competition and cooperation" relationship exists in the Technology Strategic Alliance, and the enterprises may promote their innovation performance from the knowledge transfer and exchange by forming such alliance with either their competitors or the non-beneficial organizations. Moreover, in the process of cooperation with the Technology Strategic Alliance, the enterprises may adopt the legal or competitive protection measures for the technological achievements and carry on the management practices for the intellectual property rights to maintain the enterprise's core competency and promote the enterprise's innovation effects. This kind of technological achievement protection is more effective in the process of the knowledge transfer when the enterprises are forming the technology strategic alliance with the competitive markets.
关键词
技术战略联盟 /
竞合关系 /
知识转移 /
技术成果保护 /
创新绩效
Key words
technology strategic alliance /
competition and cooperation relationship /
knowledge transfer /
technological achievement protection /
innovation performance
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基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目资助(不确定技术变革条件下的产业追赶机制研究:以中国(后发国家)的家电和汽车制造业为例,项目编号:12YJC790235,2012年1月-2014年12月);国家社会科学基金重大项目资助("十二五"时期我国发展的创新驱动战略研究,项目编号:11&D004,2012年1月-2014年12月);国家社会科学基金规划项目资助(我国战略新兴产业技术创新路径研究,项目编号:12BGL019,2013年1月-2015年12月);对外经济贸易大学创新团队建设项目资助("走出去"背景下中国企业创新能力提升战略创新团队,项目编号:CXTD-4-07)。
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