识别出组织存在的知识缺口是组织进行集成创新的前提。而现有对组织知识缺口识别方法的研究很少关注组织拥有知识的内在结构特性。为此，本文引入组织知识结构概念，从组织拥有知识之间的内在关联出发提出一种识别组织知识缺口的方法。该方法首先采用树形结构表示组织知识结构，建立组织知识需求的知识结构和知识储备的知识结构。然后利用树的匹配算法对知识需求的知识结构与储备的知识结构进行匹配处理，识别出组织的知识缺口。最后以LED专利为背景对该识别方法进行验证。实验结果证明该方法具有良好的效果，能够精确地识别出组织当前缺乏的知识及知识间的层次关系，并有助于组织准确快速地制定弥补策略。
Abstract
Identifying the knowledge gap in an organization is a prerequisite for the organization to make integrated innovations, but the existing studies on the methods of identifying the organizational knowledge gap are rarely concerned with the internal structural characteristics of the organizational knowledge. Therefore, the concept of organizational knowledge structure is introduced in this paper and a method to identify the organizational knowledge gaps is proposed from the internal relationship of the organizational knowledge. Firstly, the method adopts the tree-shaped structure to indicate the organizational knowledge structures and builds up the knowledge structures of knowledge needs and knowledge reserves. Then it uses the tree matching algorithm to match the knowledge structures of knowledge needs and knowledge reserves to identify the organizational knowledge gaps. Finally, the method is tested on the background of the LED patents. The test results show that the method is effective in not only identifying accurately the knowledge which the organization lacks currently and the hierarchical relationship among different knowledge, but also helping the organization develop accurately and rapidly the strategies for filling the knowledge gap.
关键词
知识缺口 /
知识需求 /
知识储备 /
组织知识结构 /
知识缺口识别
Key words
knowledge gap /
knowledge needs /
knowledge reserves /
organizational knowledge structure /
identifying knowledge gaps
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 吕巍, 吴韵华, 严紫瑶. 知识战略选择—战略管理的新命题[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2001, 40 (2):194-198.
[2] Argote L, Ingram P. Knowledge transfer: a basis for competitive advantage in firms[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 2000, 82(1):150-169.
[3] Michael H Zack.Developing a knowledge strategy[J]. California Management Review.1999, 41(3):125-145.
[4] 樊治平, 孙永红.基于SWOT分析的企业知识管理战略[J].南开管理评论, 2002(4):4-6.
[5] 陈菊红, 孙琪霞, 朱玉岭.企业知识缺口识别方法及弥补策略研究[J].科学学研究, 2007, 25(4):750-755.
[6] 韩赟, 高长元.高技术企业知识缺口弥补流程研究[J].科学学研究, 2009, 27(9):1370-1375.
[7] 席运江.组织知识的网络表示模型及分析方法.大连:大连理工大学, 2007.
[8] 温有奎, 徐国华.知识元链接理论[J].情报学报, 2003, 22(6):665-670.
[9] Margarita S, Matvey B P. Grouped knowledge elements[J]. Clinical Deeision Support. 2007:325-343.
[10] 王婉, 吴泗宗.基于树图的知识密集型服务组织的知识结构建模分析[J].科技进步与对策, 2011, 28(6):133-137.
[11] Vos J P, Keizer J A, Halman J IM. Diagnosing constraints in knowledge of SMEs[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change.1998, 58(3):227-239.
[12] 郑新华. 产品概念开发的影响因素分析[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2002(4):41-43.
[13] 裘江南, 念闯玲.组织知识结构构建方法及在专利文献中的运用[J].科研管理, 2012(8):48-56.
[14] Jian-hua Yeh, Naomi Yang. Ontology Construction Based on Latent Topic Extraction in a Digital Library[C]. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries. 2008(5362):93-103.
[15] 上海市知识产权局. 上海知识产权(专利信息)公共服务平台[EB/OL].http://www.shanghaiip.cn/wasWeb/index.jsp, 2010-05-08.
基金
辽宁省科技计划项目，项目编号：2011401041，起止时间：2010.1-2013.12；大连市科技计划项目，项目编号：2011D12ZC142，起止时间：2010.1-2013.12。
