通过产业间R&D溢出效应测算方法的比较,选择投入产出法对产业研发活动的总受益者效应、总贡献者效应和产业间溢出效应加以度量,利用2002年、2005年、2007年的投入产出系数和R&D经费支出统计数据测算了我国制造业间的R&D溢出效应,并对测算结果进行了比较分析,结果表明:从横向对比看,轻纺制造业和资源加工业的产业间受益者效应较为明显,机械电子业对其他产业贡献较大;在时序特征上,各制造业间的溢出效应在不断发生变化,但具有一定稳定性。上述结论有望为政府优化科研经费投向,动态调整科研经费投入结构提供理论依据。
Abstract
By the comparison of different methods, Input-Output(I-O) analysis is selected to measure the effects of R&D activities, including total beneficiary effect, total contributor effect, and inter-industry effect of R&D spillover. The effect of inter-industry R&D spillover in manufacturing of China is calculated based on the data of input-output coefficients and R&D expenditures in the years of 2002, 2005, and 2007. And then, the result shows that horizontally, the beneficiary effects of light textile manufacturing and resources processing industry are obvious, while the contributor effect of mechanical electron industry is great; vertically, the effect of inter-industry R&D spillover changes constantly, however it has the certain stability. The conclusions provide the theory basis for the government to optimize the orientation of R&D investments and adjust the structure of R&D investments dynamically.
关键词
投入产出法 /
R&D溢出 /
制造业 /
受益者效应 /
贡献者效应
Key words
I-O analysis /
R&D spillover /
manufacturing /
beneficiary effect /
contributor effect
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Arrow K J. Economic Welfare and the allocation of resources for innovation [M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962: 609-626.
[2] Bernstein J. Costs of production, intra- and interindustry R&D spillovers: Canadian evidence [J]. Canadian Journal of Economics, 1988, 21(3): 324-347.
[3] Bernstein J, Nadiri M. Product demand, cost of production, spillovers, and the social Rate of return to R&D [J]. NBER Working Paper, 1991, (2): 3625.
[4] Henderson R, Jaffe A, Trajtenberg M. Universities as a source of commercial technology: a detailed analysis of university patenting 1965~1988 [J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1998, 80 (3): 119-127.
[5] Scherer F M. Inter-industry technology flows and productivity measurement [J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1982, 64 (4): 627-634.
[6] Putnam J, Evenson R E. Inter-sectoral technology flows: estimates from a patent concordance with an application to Italy [J]. Working Paper, 1994.
[7] Jaffe A B. Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D: evidence from firms' patents, profits, and market value [J]. American Economic Review, 1986, 76 (5): 984-1001.
[8] Goto A, Suzuki K. R&D Capital rate of return on R&D investment and spillover of R&D in Japanese manufacturing industries [J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1989, 71(4): 555-564.
[9] 尹静, 平新乔. 中国地区(制造业行业)间的技术溢出分析[J]. 产业经济研究, 2006, 5 (1): 1-11.Yin Jing, Ping Xinqiao. On the spillovers between regions or manufacturing industries in China[J]. Industrial Economics Research, 2006, 5 (1): 1-11.
[10] Schnabl H. The subsystem-MFA: a qualitative method for analyzing national innovation systems: the case of Germany [J]. Economic Systems Research, 1995, 7(2): 51-68.
[11] During A, Schnabl H. Imputed inter-industry technology flows: a comparative SMFA analysis [J]. Economic Systems Research, 2000, 12(3): 363-375.
[12] 张红霞, 冯恩民. R&D部门间溢出效应及中美日三国的比较分析[J]. 大连理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2005, 26 (2): 17-22.
[13] Zhang Hongxia, Feng EnMin. Comparative analysis of R&D inter-industry spillovers in China, USA and Japan [J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology (Social Sciences), 2005, 26 (2): 17-22.
[14] 韩颖, 刘新宇. 我国产业间R&D溢出效应横向比较分析[J]. 预测, 2006, 26 (4): 69-75.
[15] Han Ying, Liu Xinyu. Horizontal analysis of the inter-industry R&D spillovers of our country[J]. Forecasting, 2006, 26 (4): 69-75.
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目:演化视角下重大装备制造业自主创新的路径、机制与政策:理论和案例研究(70803006);国家社会科学基金资助项目:技术创新与产业演化:理论及实证(10FJL011);教育部人文社科资助项目:业主风险厌恶约束下重大装备制造业自主创新路径与规制政策研究(07JC790043);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助:城市化与产业结构调整的互动机理:基于演化经济学的新视角(DUT10RW312)。
PDF(960 KB)
