随着经济、科技全球化发展,对国外创新的专利保护成为各国专利制度主要功能之一,但各国却对之采取了与国内创新相同的保护,没有进行区分。本文在研究了对国内与国外创新分别保护的必要性之后,提出了分别保护的制度设计要点和方案并进行了可行性分析。本文认为国外创新与国内创新对国家社会福利影响不同,应当对二者采取不同的保护方式,这也是国际非合作博弈的结果。对国外创新,可以采取多边最惠国待遇原则下的一体化审查授权制度方案来进行专利保护,同时用本国专利制度对国内创新进行保护。
Abstract
Along with economical and technical globalization, the protection for the foreign innovation become the major function of patent system, nevertheless, the most countries in the world actually adopt same protection mode with the domestic innovation. The necessity to differentiate the protection of the domestic and foreign innovations is studied, the design plan of the respective protection system is proposed and a feasibility analysis is conducted. It is argued that foreign innovation and domestic innovation have different impacts on the national social welfare, therefore it is necessary to differentiate their patent protection, and it is also the result of the international non-cooperation game. A plan which adopts the integrated examination or grand system under the multilateral most-favored treatment principle is suggested in order to protect the foreign innovation; in the meantime the domestic patent system should be adopted for protecting the domestic innovations.
关键词
专利制度 /
创新 /
国内 /
国外 /
分别保护
Key words
patent system /
innovation /
foreign /
domestic /
respective protection
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Nordhaus, W. Invention, Growth and Welfare: A Theoretical Treatment Of Technological Change[M] .MIT Press, Cambridge. 1969.
[2] 肖娟(Juan Xiao).对专利的经济学研究——90年代以来的文献综述(The economics research of patents-the literature review since 1990') .北京大学硕士论文(China Master's thesis of Peking University).2002.
[3] Gilbert, R. andShapiro C. Optimal Patent Length and Breadth[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics, 1990,21:106-112.
[4] Gallini, N.T. "Patent Length and Breadth with Costly Imitation" [J]. The RAND Journal of Economics, 1992,44: 52-63.
[5] Maurer, S. M. and S. Scotchmer. The Independent Invention Defense in Intellectual Property[J]. Economica,2002,69:535-547.
[6] Klemperer, P. How Broad Should the Scope of Patent Protection Be? [J] . RAND Journal of Economics.1990,21: 113-130.
[7] 张剑(Zhang Jian).专利制度的经济学分析(Economic Analysis of the patent system) .复旦大学博士论文(China Doctoral Dissertation of Fudan University).2006.
[8] Green, Jerry and Suzanne Scotchmer. On the Division of Profit in Sequential Innovation[J]. RAND Journal of Economics. 1995,26: 20-33.
[9] Denicolò, V. Two Stage Patent Races and Patent Policy[J] . the RAND Journal of Economics 2000,31: 488-501.
[10] O'Donoghue, T., S. Scotchmer and J.F. Thisse. Patent Breadth, Patent Length and the Pace of Technological Progress[J]. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. 1998,7:1-32.
[11] Hunt, R. Nonobviousness and the Incentive to Innovate: An Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Reform . http://www.philadelphiafed.org/research-and-data/publications/working-papers/1999/wp99-3.pdf.
[12] O'Donoghue, T. A Patentability Requirement for Sequential Innovation[J]. Rand Journal of Economics.1998,29: 654-67.
[13] 唐春(Tangchun).专利制度国际化趋势及其对策研究(Research on the International Trend of Patent System and Its Countermeasures) .华中科技大学博士论文(China Doctoral Dissertation of Huazhong University of Science and Technology).2008.
[14] World Intellectual Property Organization. "WIPO Patent Report: Statistics on Worldwide Patent Activity (2007 Edition)" .Geneva,2007.
[15] 唐春.专利创新高度及其发展趋势与影响研究-以美国KSR v.Teleflex案为背景(The Research on the Patent Creativity Height 、Its Trend and Impact -With The U.S. case of KSR v.Teleflex as the background) [J].研究与发展管理(R&D Management).2009.10: 81-87.
[16] Franois Curchod. A proposed Protocol on "PCT Patent" . Symposium on the "International Patent System in the 21th Century".Beijing. April 15-17, 1998.
[17] 唐春,朱雪忠(Tangchun,Zhuxuezhong).拟议中的全球专利制度及其对我国的影响(Research on the Global Patent System in Setting Up and its Impact) [J].科技与法律(Science Technology and Law).2003(2):103-106,88.
[18] 朱雪忠,唐春(Zhuxuezhong,Tangchun).拟议中的全球专利制度研究(Research on the Global Patent System in Setting Up) [J].中国软科学(China's Soft Science).2005,7:54-59,68.
基金
本文受国家自然科学基金青年项目《基于国际专利制度的同族专利行为及其态势研究》(编号71103067,2011.9-2014年)、国家自然科学基金重点项目《促进我国自主创新的知识产权管理研究》(编号70633003,2007-2010年)、上海市哲学社科规划青年项目"基于专利空间分布的我国跨国专利保护模式与发展战略研究"(编号2010EZH004,2011-2013年)联合资助。
PDF(920 KB)
