高效知识转移已经成为企业建立竞争优势的关键因素之一。文章基于生态学的视角,提出了企业知识具有散落分布性、嵌入依附性、动态继承性和增量积累性等四方面生态学特征。在此基础上,构建了企业知识转移生态学模型,在该模型中,知识个体、知识种群与知识群落间知识的相互联系构成了企业知识链与知识网。其中,个体知识转移强调员工自身知识的迁移与完善,种群知识转移侧重团队知识的整合与创造,而群落知识转移则关注企业知识应用的整体效率。此外,研究还发现,企业生态系统中的知识在转移过程中还呈现出一些超生态学特征。最后,文章结合思科公司知识转移的案例,提出了促进企业知识生态系统知识转移效率的启示与建议。
Abstract
Efficient knowledge transfer has become one of the key factors to establish competitive advantage for the enterprises. Based on the perspective of ecology, the enterprises knowledge includes four ecological characteristics, such as scattered distribution, embedding dependent, dynamic inheritance, and incremental cumulative, is proposed. On this basis, an ecological model of knowledge transfer is built. In this model, knowledge chains and knowledge networks in enterprises are formed by the interrelation among knowledge individual, knowledge group, and knowledge community. Among them, individual knowledge transfer lays emphasis on the knowledge transfer and perfection of staff themselves, group knowledge transfer focuses on the integration and creation of team knowledge, while community knowledge transfer concerns about the overall efficiency of knowledge application in enterprises. Furthermore, some ultra-ecological characteristics are offered in the process of knowledge transfer in enterprises' ecological systems. Finally, combining with the case of Cisco knowledge transfer, some enlightenment and recommendations to increase the efficiency of knowledge transfer of enterprises' ecological systems are put forward.
关键词
知识转移 /
知识个体 /
知识种群 /
知识群落 /
生态学
Key words
knowledge transfer /
knowledge individual /
knowledge group /
knowledge community /
ecology
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基金
国家自然科学基金"社会网络与中小企业技术创新动态耦合研究:基于网络嵌入与技术学习的视角"(项目批准号:71002075);浙江省社科规划项目"浙江中小企业集群知识衍生和扩散研究"(项目编号:09CGGL012YBB);浙江省科技厅软科学项目"基于差异化网络的浙江本土跨国企业知识转移对策研究"(项目编号:2010C35021)。
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