产业集群生存与发展能力主要取决于自身结构,而集群结构主要包括企业集聚结构和支撑结构。本文通过设计大企业集中度、集群品牌、专业市场、公共科技平台和行业协会等指标度量集群结构指数,根据对浙江省产值超50亿元的112个集群的数据收集与分析,划分产业集群为四种类型。结果显示,目前绝大数集群是处于大企业集中度低、支撑结构不完善的块状经济形态。同时,通过设计集群生存能力、发展能力与适应能力的指标体系,并选择样本中四个典型集群进行统计分析。结果表明,集群结构与生存能力、发展能力和适应能力存在显著正相关,即,随着集群的大企业集中度提高和综合支撑体系完善,集群的适应能力上升。进一步解剖四个典型集群的结构动态升级过程,找到了集群升级的三条路径,为政策制定者提供了理论支撑。
Abstract
The survival and development capabilities of industrial cluster are mainly depending on its structure including firm conglomeration and other supports. The index about the industrial cluster is designed in terms of large firm centralization, cluster brand, special market, public technology platform, and industrial association. The existing 112 industrial clusters with over five billion Yuan annual total output in Zhejiang Province are classified into four structural types; it is shown that the majority of existing clusters are in the situation of small and medium-sized business conglomeration with low large firm centralization and weak supporting systems. Meanwhile, the criteria of survival, development, and fitness capabilities are designed to do the statistic analysis on four typical industrial clusters. The results reveal that there are significant positive co-relationships between the structure index and survival, development, and fitness capabilities of clusters, i.e., the large firm centralization and comprehensive supporting system would promote the fitness capabilities of industrial clusters. Furthermore, the dynamic upgrade processes of the cluster structure are analyzed in terms of the four typical clusters in order to find out three typical paths to promote the cluster and provide theoretic supports for the policy makers.
关键词
集群结构 /
适应能力 /
升级路径 /
中小企业
Key words
cluster structure /
fitness capability /
upgrading path /
small and medium businesses
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基金
本文是国家自然科学基金项目"中小企业集群变迁与区域创新网络重构(70873110)"、浙江省科技厅计划项目"经济转型背景下的块状经济高级化途径与对策(2008C200018)"的阶段成果。
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