本文以创业过程为研究对象,在总结国外经典创业过程模型的基础上,结合系统理论,构建了包括创业机会、创业资源、创业战略和创业结果等创业关键要素的创业过程模型(ORSO)。该模型刻画了创业过程的一般特征,反映了创业关键要素同宏观环境和微观环境之间的交互作用,适用于解释一般创业现象和连续性创业现象。ORSO模型的构建不仅拓展了创业过程研究的理论分析框架,丰富了创业管理理论,而且能为现实中的创业活动提供实践指导和决策依据。
Abstract
The entrepreneurial process is examined and a systematic theory-based entrepreneurial process model (ORSO Model) which includes entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial resource, entrepreneurial strategy, and entrepreneurial outcome is constructed. This model not only describes general characteristics of entrepreneurial process, but also reflexes the interaction among entrepreneurial process, macro environment, and micro environment. Therefore, it could be used to explain general entrepreneurship and serial entrepreneurship. ORSO Model expands the theoretic framework of entrepreneurial process research, enriches the theory of entrepreneurial process, and provides the help for entrepreneurial activities in real life.
关键词
创业管理 /
创业过程 /
创业过程模型 /
系统理论
Key words
entrepreneurship /
entrepreneurial process /
entrepreneurial process model /
systematic theory
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 罗伯特 D.赫里斯,迈克尔 P.彼得斯,迪安 A.谢泼德.创业管理[M]. 蔡莉,葛宝山.北京:机械工业出版社,2009:4. Robert D. Hisrich, Michael P.Peters, Dean A.Shepherdl. Entrepreneurship[M].CAI Li, GE Bao-shan. Beijing: China Machine Press,2009:4.(in Chinese)
[2] International entrepreneurship. Total Entrepreneurial Activity Ranked by Country . http://www.internationalentrepreneurship.com/total_entrepreneur_activity.asp,2009-11-20.
[3] Reynolds, Paul and Davidsson, Per PSED II and the comprehensive Australian study of entrepreneurial emergence (CAUSEE). In: Reynolds, Paul and Curtin, R (Eds.) New Firm Creation in the United States: Initial Explorations with the PSED II Data Set. International Studies in Entrepreneurship[M],2009:265-280.
[4] 张玉利.创业研究现状探析及其在成果应用过程中的提升[J].外国经济与管理.2010,32(1):1-7.
[5] Murray B. Low and Ian C. MacMilan. Entrepreneurship: Past Research and Future Challenges [J]. Journal of Management, 1988, 14(2):139-161.
[6] Sarah L. Jack and Alistair R. Anderson. The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process [J], Journal of Business Venturing,2002, 17 (5):467-487.
[7] J. Robert Baum, Michael Frese and Robert A. Baron.The Psychology of Entrepreneurship[M]. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,2006:20.
[8] Bygrave,W.D.and Hofer,C.W. Theorizing about entrepreneurship[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice.1991,16(2).13-22.
[9] Howard E.Aldrich and Martha Argelia Martinez . Many Are Called, but Few Are Chosen An Evolutionary Perspective for the Study of Entrepreneurship [J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2001, Summer: 41-56.
[10] Vesper, K.H. New Venture Strategies [M]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1990.
[11] 唐靖,姜彦福. 创业过程三阶段模型的探索性研究[J].经济师,2008(6):189-191.TANG Jing, JIANG Yan-fu. Exploring Research of Three-Stage Entrepreneurial Process[J]. China Economist, 2008,6:189-1912008(6):189-191. (in Chinese)
[12] Mahesh P. Bhave. A process model of entrepreneurial venture creation [J]. Journal of Management, 1994, 9(3):223-242.
[13] Timmson,J.A and Spinelli,S.. New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship For The 21st Century [M]. New York :McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2003:56-63.
[14] 顾源达.系统理论概要-现代管理方法论[M].辽宁:辽宁教育出版社,1989.GU Yuan-Da. Introduction of Systematic Theory-Modern Management Methods[M]. Liaoning: Liaoning Education Press,1989. (in Chinese)
[15] 吴泗宗. 现代市场营销学[M].同济大学出版社,2000:5.WU Si-zong. Modem Marketing[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2000:5. (in Chinese)
[16] Schumpeter,J.A..The Theory of Economic Development [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1934.
[17] Shane, S. and Venkataraman.S.. The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research [J]. Academy of Management Review, 2000, 25(1):218-228.
[18] Lin,N. Building a Theory of Social Capital[J].Connections,1999,22,28-51.
[19] 王一军,王筱萍,林嵩.创业战略的维度构建——概念内涵及发展模式[J].江西财经大学学报, 2009(3): 46-50.WANG Yi-jun; WANG Xiao-ping; LIN Song. The Dimension Construction of Entrepreneurial Strategy:Connotation and Development Pattern[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,2009, 3: 46-50. (in Chinese)
[20] Patricia McDougall and Richard B. Robinson. New Venture Strategies: An Empirical Identification of Eight 'Archetypes' of Competitive Strategies for Entry[J]. Strategic Management Journal,11(6):447-467.
[21] Wright,M.,Robbie,k. and Ennew,C..Serial Entrepreneurs [J]. British Journal of Management, 1997, 8:251-268.
基金
上海市科技发展基金软科学研究博士生学位论文资助(11692192100:2010-2012)。