摘要：产品研发过程相当复杂，经济学家与创新学家视其为“黑箱”。本文试图从技术演变的视角对产品研发过程进行文献梳理，厘清产品研发的微观发生过程以及其中最重要的技术演变过程与发生机理，阐明产品研发过程中底层因子以及如何相互作用导致新技术的产生，评述产品研发过程中技术演变的具体形式、条件与特点以及产品研发中如何应用试错、技术反求、分解、集成等开发方法，并有效实施技术重组、融合、嫁接等开发技巧。

Abstract: Product R&D process is quite complex; it is regarded as a “black box” by economist and innovation scientist. The microcosmic process of product R&D is attempted to clean up at the perspective of the mechanism of technological evolution by studying literature. The underlying factors of product R&D process as well as how they mutually affect and induce new techniques are illustrated; the idiographic forms, conditions, and characteristics of technological evolution in product R&D are clarified; and the effective implementation of trial-and-error, technological reverse, technic disassemble and integration as well as the development skills of technology inosculation, inoculatiion, and variation are described.