摘要：把握R&D人员的绩效特征是对其建立合理的绩效考核制度的前提。市场距离本是工农业经济背景下的一个实际空间概念，文章从知识经济视角出发，将其拓展到研究与发展（R&D）领域，提出不同R&D人员由于工作内容、工作产品和服务对象等因素不同而分别具有不同的市场距离；构建了基于市场距离的R&D人员绩效考核指标模型，并结合实际案例对模型进行了初步运用。

Abstract: Market distance, which is a concept in the background of industrial and agricultural economy, also can be extended into R&D area. The concept of market distance is extended from the view of knowledge economy and it is pointed out that the R&D personnel market distance is an important factor infulencing on his performance appraisal. A model reflecting the matching relationship between the R&D personnel market distance and the appraisal is constructed; By analyzing a case, the model is tested.