摘要：新兴产业发展的速度，将从根本上决定21世纪我国在国际市场上的地位和总体竞争能力。如何应对国内外日趋激烈的竞争，科学确立新兴产业发展的战略和重点，进而发挥政府宏观调控的作用，推动新兴产业快速、健康、持续发展，是新时期摆在我国面前的一项至关重要的课题。本文从国家政治制度结构的视角介入政府在新兴产业发展中的作用问题，提出不同的国家政治制度结构决定了不同的政府管理行为，而不同的管理行为导致不同的政策导向，进而影响到新兴产业的发展路径。在此基础上，本文构建了政府作用机制和新兴产业发展的关系模型。

Abstract: In the 21 century, the tempo of emerging industries will fundamentally determine Chinese status and competence on the international market. In the new era, China must face the following vital issues: how to deal with the increasingly internal and external competition, how to establish the strategies and focus of the development of emerging industries scientifically, how to exert the role of the government macroeconomic regulation, how to promote the development of emerging industries rapidly, healthily, and sustainably. The government function in the development of emerging industries is researched from the perspective of national political institution frameworks and it is proposed that different national political institution frameworks determine different government behaviors, and different government behaviors lead to different policy directions, and influence the development paths of the emerging industries. Based on these views, the model about the relationship between mechanisms of government function and the development of emerging industries is built.