摘要：如何开展科技计划项目的监测评估，是保障科技计划项目的顺利实施，保证科技计划项目实现国家目标的重要手段，并已成为科技计划管理的重要命题。目前，大部分国家科技计划实行了项目的年度进展报告制度和课题验收制度，部分计划在项目实施过程开展了中期检查、中期评估和绩效考评等方面的监测评估工作。这些监测评估工作让科技管理部门及时掌握和了解了项目实施状态、投入资金的使用情况，为项目进一步调整和优化资源分配提供科学依据，使项目实施的投资效果和研究水平得到一定的保证。但是，目前科技项目监测评估仍然面临不少困难与挑战。面对这些困难与挑战，以及我国新时期对科技管理工作的需求需要进一步完善科技项目监测评估体系和制度建设  

    Abstract: How to launch implement monitoring and evaluation of national R&D projects is an important means to ensure the project implementation and to achieve the project strategic objective. At present，the science and technology administration department implement the annual report on project progress and project acceptance for most of the national R&D programs. Applying medium - term inspection or evaluation, performance appraisal, and other project process management help the administration department to master project progress, to ensure the project implementation, and to achieve the project strategic objective. At the same time, there are some challenge and difficulty in the process of morning and evaluation of national key R&D projects. Some suggestions for the morning and evaluation system of national R&D projects are provided on the basis of the lessons leaned from the practice and discussion of the monitoring and evaluation on national R&D projects.